HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinance 7634 ORDINANCE NO. J
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE 1976 EDITION OF THE
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE AS AMENDED, REGULATING
THE DESIGN, QUALITY OF MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION,
LOCATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF HEATING, COMFORT
COOLING AND VENTILATING SYSTEMS IN THE CITY OF
FORT WORTH, TEXAS; PROVIDING FOR THE ISSUANCE
OF PERMITS AND COLLECTION OF FEES THEREFOR;
PROVIDING FOR THE INSPECTION OF BUILDINGS;
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF;
PROVIDING A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE; PROVIDING FOR
THE REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES AND CODE
SECTIONS; PROVIDING A SAVINGS CLAUSE; AUTHORIZING
PUBLICATION IN PAMPHLET FORM; DIRECTING PUBLICA-
TION OF THE CAPTION, PENALTY CLAUSE AND EFFECTIVE
DATE; DIRECTING THE ENGROSSMENT AND ENROLLMENT
OF THE CAPTION AND PENALTY CLAUSE AND THE FILING
OF THIS ORDINANCE; AND NAMING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, it is deemed necessary to provide minimum
standards to regulate the design, construction, materials,
location and maintenance of heating, comfort cooling refrig-
eration, ventilating and exhaust systems and other miscellaneous
Heat Producing appliances within the City to protect and pro-
mote the public safety, health and welfare; and,
WHEREAS, the present Codes are in need of amendments in
order to protect and promote the public safety, health and
welfare under modern conditions; and,
WHEREAS, the Mechanical Code Revision Committee of the
City of Fort Worth has recommended the adoption of the 1976
edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code of the International
Conference of Building Officials,with certain amendments;
THEREFORE
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
FORT WORTH
SECTION 1 - 1976 UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE ADOPTED
That the 1976 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code of
the International Conference of Building Officials, as amended
hereby, is hereby adopted as the Mechanical Code of the City
of Fort Worth, Texas, from the effective date hereof. Three
copies of the 1976 Edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code as
amended, marked "Exhibit A," are incorporated herein by reference
and have been filed in the office of the City Secretary for
permanent record and inspection.
SECTION 2 - PEN:_LTIES FOR VIOLATIONS
That it shall be unlawful for any person to construct,
enlarge, alter, repair, move, improve, ron -,art, equip, use
or maintain any heating, crmfort cooling, r.:,frigeration,
ventilating or exhaust systems or other misrvellaneous Heat
Producing appliances in said City or cause t' same to be
done, contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions
of this Code.
Any person violating any of the provisions of this
Code shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and each such
person shall be guilty of a separate offense for each day or
portion thereof during which any violation of any of the
provisions of tLis Code is committed, conti»aed or permitted,
and each violation shall be punishable by a fine not to exceed
$200.00.
SECTION 3 - :,EVERABIJ.1 r1'
That it is �( rehy declared to be the intention of the
City Council that the sections, paragraphs, :,enteuces, clauses
and phrases of this ordinance are severable, and if any phrase,
clause, sentence, paragraph or section of this ordinance shall
be declared void, ineffective or unconstitutional by the valid
judgment or final decree of a court of competent jurisdiction,
such voidness, ineffectiveness or unconstitutionality shall
not affect any of the remaining phrases, clauses, sentences,
paragraphs and sections of this ordinance, sine the awme would
have been enacted by the City Council without the incorporation
herein of any such void, ineffective or unconstitutional phrase,
clause, sentence, paragraph or section.
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SECTION 4 - CONFLICTING ORDINANCES AND CODE PROVISIONS
REPEALED
That Ordinance 6408 and Ordinances 7083, the Mechanical
Code of the City of Fort Worth, and all ordinances amendatory
thereto are hereby expressly repealed and superseded by the
terms of this ordinance. All other prior ordinances and City
Code sections in conflict herewith are hereby repealed but
only insofar as such ordinances and code sections are in con-
flict with the provisions of this ordinance.
Mechanical permits heretofore issued under existing
ordinances shall be valid for the time for which they are
issued under said ordinances, but upon expiration of such
permits, the same shall be void.
SECTION 5 - SAVING CLAUSE
That all rights and remedies of the City of Fort Worth,
Texas, are expressly saved as to any and all violations of
the provisions of Ordinance 6408 or Ordinance 7083 or any
other ordinance affecting heating, comfort cooling or ventila-
tion systems which have accrued at the time of the effective
date of this ordinance; and as to such accrued violations
and all pending litigation, both civil and criminal, whether
pending in court or not, under such ordinances, same shall not
be affected by this ordinance but may be prosecuted until final
disposition by the courts.
SECTION 6 - PUBLICATION IN PAMPHLET FORM
That the City Secretary of the City of Fort Worth, Texas,
is hereby authorized to publish this ordinance in pamphlet form
for general distribution among the public, and this ordinance
as so published shall be admissible in evidence in all courts
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without further proof than the production of said pamphlet,
as provided in Section 3, Chapter XXVI of the Charter of the
City of Fort Worth, Texas.
SECTION 7 - PUBLICATION
That the City Secretary of the City of Fort Worth, Texas,
is hereby directed to publish the caption, penalty clause and
effective date of this ordinance for five (5) days in the
official newspaper of the City of Fort Worth, Texas.
SECTION 8 - ENGROSSMENT, ENROLLING AND FILING
That the City Secretary of the City of Fort Worth, Texas,
is hereby directed to engross and enroll this ordinance by
copying the caption and penalty clause of same in the minutes
of the City Council of the City of Fort Worth, Texas, and by
filing the ordinance in the ordinance records of said City.
SECTION 9 - WHEN EFFECTIVE
That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect
60 days after the date of its passage and publication as
required by law, and it is so ordained.
APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY:
V .re4-7
44Q'e,*�v
S. G. Johndroe, Jr., City Attorney
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PART l V.DMINISTRATIVE
law
Chapter 1
TITLE AND SCOPE
TITLE
Sec. 101. That ordinance # as amended shall be known
as the Fort Worth Mechanical Code, may be cited as such, and
may be referred to as "This Code".
PURPOSE
Sec. 102. The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum
standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property and public
welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction,
installation, quality of materials, location, operation, and main-
tenance of heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration systems,
incinerators and other miscellaneous heat-producing appliances.
SCOPE
Sec. 103. The provisions of this Code shall apply to the
erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation,replacement,
addition to, use, or maintenance of any heating, ventilating,
cooling, refrigeration systems, incinerators or other miscellan-
eous heat-producing appliances.
Where, in any specific case, different section.; of this Code
specify different materials, methods of construction or other
requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
The Uniform Mechanical Code Standards and Uniform Building
Code Standards contained in Appendix A shall be considered as
part of this Code.
Appendix "B" Chapter 21 shall be considered as part of this
Code. Appendix "B" Chapter 22 contains recommended practices
which shall serve only as a guide and shall not apply unless
specifically adopted.
Appendix C contains gas venting tables and a list of recom-
mended equipment standards and is intended to serve only as a
guide. The design and testing of equipment regulated by this
Code shall be subject to the approval of the Building Official.
EXISTING EQUIPMENT
Sec. 104. Heating, ventilating, cooling, or refrigeration
systems, incinerators or other miscellaneous heat-producing
appliances lawfully installed prior to the effective date of this
Code may have their existing use, maintenance or repair
continued if the use, maintenance or repair is in accordance with
the original design and location and is not a hazard to life,
health, or property.
All heating, ventilating, cooling, or refrigeration systems,
incinerators or other miscellaneous heat-producing appliance,
both existing and new, and all parts thereof, shall be maintained
in a safe and sanitary condition. All devices or safeguards which
are required by this Code in other miscellaneous heat-producing
appliances when installed, altered, or repaired, shall be maintain-
ed in good working order. The owner, or his designated agent,
shall be responsible for the maintenance of heating, ventilating,
cooling, refrigeration systems, incinerators or other miscellan-
eous heat-producing appliances.
ALTERNATE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
Sec. 105. The provisions of this Code are not intended to
prevent the use of any material or method of construction not
specifically prescribed by this Code, provided any such alternate
has been approved.
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The Building Official may approve any such alternate provided
he finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies
with the provisions of this Code, and that the material, method,
or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the
equivalent of that prescribed in this Code in quality, strength,
effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, and safety.
The Building Official shall require that sufficient evidence or
proof be submitted to substantiate any claims that may be made
regarding its use.
CHAPTER 2
ORGANIZATION AND ENFORCEMENT
CREATION OF DEPARTMENT
Sec. 201. (a) General. The Building Official is hereby
authorized and directed to enforce all the provisions of this
Code. For such purpose he shall have the powers of a police
officer.
(b) Deputies. In accordance with the procedure and with the
approval of the chief appointing authority of the city, the
Building Official may appoint such number of officers, inspectors
and assistants, and other employees as shall be authorized from
time to time. He may deputize such employees as may be
necessary to carry out the functions of the Building Department.
(c) Right of Entry. Whenever necessary to make an inspection
to enforce any of the provisions of this Code, or whenever the
Building Official or his authorized representative has reasonable
cause to believe that there exists in any building or upon any
premises, any condition which makes such building or premises
unsafe as defined in Section 203 of the Building Code, the
Building Official or his authorized representative may enter such
building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect the same
or to perform any duty imposed upon the Building Official by this
Code; provided that if such building or premises be occupied, he
shall first present proper credentials and demand entry; and if
such building or premises be unoccupied he shall first make a
reasonable effort to locate the owner or other persons having
charge or control of the building or premises and demand entry.
If such entry is refused, the Building Official or his authorized
representative shall have recourse to every remedy provided by
law to secure entry.
"Authorized Representative" shall include the officers named
in Section 201(a) and (b) of this Code.
No owner or occupant or any other person having charge, care
or control of any building or premises shall fail or neglect, after
proper demand is made as herein provided, to promptly permit
entry therein by the Building Official or his authorized repre-
sentative for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant
to this Code. Any person violating this subsection shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor.
(d) Stop Orders. Whenever any work is being done contrary to
the provisions of this Code, the Building Official may order the
work stopped by notice in writing served on any persons engaged
in the doing or causing such work to be done, and any such
persons shall forthwith stop such work until authorized by the
Building Official to proceed with the work.
(e) Authority to Condemn Equipment. Whenever the Building
Official learns or ascertains that any equipment, as defined in
this Code, has become hazardous to life, health, or property, he
shall order, in writing, that such equipment be restored to a
condition of safety or be dismantled or removed from its present
location. The written notice shall fix a time limit for
compliance with such order. No person shall use or maintain the
defective equipment after receiving such notice.
(f) Liability. The Building Official or any employee charged
with the enforcement of this Code, acting in good faith and
without malice for the jurisdiction in the discharge of his duties,
shall not thereby render himself liable personally and he hereby
is relieved from all personal liability for any damage that may
accrue to persons or property as a result of any act required or
by reason of any act or omission in the discharge of his duties.
Any suit brought againsl—fhe Building Official or employees,
because of such act or omission performed by him in the
enforcement department of the jurisdiction until final termina-
tion of the proceedings.
(g) Authority to disconnect utilities. On failure of the owner,
owner's agent, or the person doing the work, to comply with a
nonconformance order, the Building Official and his duly author-
ized assistants shall have the authority in addition to other
authority given herein, to give written notice to the Utility
Companies to cut off, or disconnect their respective utility
services, or in any appropriate way, to cause the operation to be
discontinued until the nonconformance is corrected.
VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES
Sec. 202. (a) Unlawful Installation. It shall be unlawful for
any person, form or corporation to erect, install, alter, repair,
relocate, add to, replace, use, or maintain heating, cooling,
refrigeration, ventilating or exhaust systems, incinerators or
other miscellaneous heat-producing appliances in the City, or
cause the same to be done, contrary to or in violation of any of
the provisions of this Code. Maintenance of equipment which
was unlawful at the time it was installed and which would be
unlawful under this Ordinance if installed after the effective
date of this Ordinance, shall constitute a continuing violation of
this Ordinance.
(b) Penalty. Any person, including a firm or corporation
violating any of the provisions of this Code shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and each such person shall be deemed
guilty of a separate offense for each and every day or portion
thereof during which any violation of any of the provisions of this
Code is committed, continued, or permitted, and upon conviction
of any such violation, such person shall be punished as provided
by the laws of the State of Texas.
BOARD OF APPEALS
Sec. 203. (a) General. In order to determine the suitability of
alternate materials of construction and to provide for reasonable
interpretations of the provisions of this Code, there shall be and
is hereby created a Mechanical Board of Appeals, hereafter
referred to as the "Board," or as "Mechanical Board," consisting
of nine members who are qualified as set forth below. The
Building Official or his designated representative shall be an ex-
officio member and shall act as Secretary of the Board.
(b) Appointment. The Mechanical Board shall be appointed by
the appointing authrotiy and shall hold office at its pleasure.
The Board shall adopt reasonable rules and regulations for
conducting its investigations and shall render all decisions and
findings in writing.
(c) Board Composition. The Board shall consist of:
Place Qualifications
1. Citizen not in Building Industry
2. Registered Mechanical Engineer
3. Registered Mechanical Engineer
4. Graduate Engineer Contractor
5. Licensed Air Conditioning Contractor
6. Licensed Mechanical Contractor
7. Citizen in the Air Conditioning Industry
8. Architect
9. Citizen not in Building Industry
(d) Tenure. The members shall hold office for a term of two
(2) years unless relieved for cause prior to that time. Members
in even-numbered places shall be appointed in even-numbered
years. Members in odd-numbered places shall be appointed in
odd-numbered years. Members shall not serve more than three
(3) consecutive two-year terms.
(e) Removal. The City Council may remove any member of
the Board during the term for which he may be appointed.
(f) Vacancy. Should a vacancy occur, the City Manager, by and
with the advice and consent of the City Council, shall appoint a
person having the prerequisite qualifications of the place vacated
to fulfill the unexpired term of said place.
(g) Quorum. Any five (5) members of the Board shall
constitute a quorum to transact business but no decision shall be
handed down unless concurred in by not less than five (5)
members. The Board shall hold meetings at such time and place
as called by the Chairman or one acting lawfully in that
capacity.
(h) Advisors. In addition to the members set out in Section
203. (c of this Code, the following City Officials shall be
Advisors to the Board.
1. City Attorney
2. Director of Health
3. Fire Marshal
When required by the Board, the Advisory members shall
attend and furnish necessary special reports and inspections.
(i) Bylaws. It shall be the duty of the Board to meet as soon
after their appointment as is practicable. One member shall be
elected Chairman and shall serve as the Presiding Officer of the
Board for a period of one (1) year.
(j) Secretary. The Building Official, who serves as Secretary
of the Board, shall perform the following services:
1. Keep the Minutes, Books, Files and other Records of the
Board.
2. Issue all Licenses in the name of the Board.
3. Send out all Notices and attend to all correspondence
under the direction of the Board.
4. Collect License Fees for which provision is made by
Ordinance; same to be deposited with the Building
Official.
5. He shall perform such other duties as are incidental to his
office and as may be required by the Board.
(k) Rules. The Board shall have the power to make and
promulgate its own rules governing its meetings and proceedings,
subject to the provisions of this Ordinance.
Miscellaneous office supplies shall be furnished to the Board by
the Building Inspection Division.
(1) Enforcement. The Building Official shall execute and
enforce all legally endowed decisions of the Board.
BOARD'S POWERS
Sec. 204. (a) Certification. The Board is hereby authorized to
investigate methods, materials, equipment and appliances to
determine their compliance with Section 102. Those complying
shall be certified by the Board for the information of the public.
(b) Authorization. The powers of the Mechanical Board are
hereby extended so as to authorize the Mechanical Board to
make reasonable interpretations or rulings in matters properly
before it as to the suitability of alternate materials and/or
methods of installation and upon appeal, authorize such variance
in the application of the terms of this Code as will not be
contrary to the public interest, where owing to special condi-
tions, a literal enforcement of the provision of this Code will
result in unnecessary hardship.
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(c) Limitation. The Board of Appeals shall have no power to
otherwise change in writing or by general application the text of
this Code.
METHOD OF FILING APPEAL
Sec. 205 (a) Right of Appeal. Any person, firm, company or
corporation aggrieved by any decisions of the Building Official
under this Chapter may appeal such decision or order to the
Board as set out herein.
(b) Appeal Procedure. Appeals to the Board must be filed in
writing within thirty (30) days from date of the decision or order
appealed from and shall be filed in duplicate with the Secretary
of the Board. Such notice shall contain appropriate reference to
the decision or order appealed from as well as the grounds of the
appeal. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to notify the
Chairman of the Board of appeals filed and the details thereof.
(c) Appeal Fee. At the time of filing an appeal, the appellant
shall be required to pay an appeal fee of twenty-five dollars
($25.00).
(d) Records. The Secretary shall transmit to the Board all
relevant records and data upon which the appeal was taken.
(e) Hearing. The Board shall fix a reasonable time, not to
exceed thirty (30) days, for the hearing of an appeal, giving
notice in writing to the parties in interest and shall reach its
decision within a reasonable time thereafter. Parties may
appear before the Board in person, by agents, or by attorney.
The Board may require additional data and tests necessary for
adequate decision of the appeal.
CODE CHANGE RECOMMENDATIONS BY BOARD
Sec. 206. The Board shall review all proposed amendments to
the Mechanical Code and shall recommend such changes or
amendments as they deem appropriate.
LICENSE REQUIRED
Sec. 207. (a) Mechanical License. Only Heating and Air
Conditioning Contractors, Licensed by the City of Fort Worth,
may install any and all forms of heating, cooling, heating and
cooling duct systems, or refrigeration systems, incinerators and
other heat-producing appliances regulated by this Code. Such
Licensed contractors may extend to and connect thereto any gas
piping that may be required for the operation of such equipment.
All Electrical Connections are regulated by the Fort Worth
Electrical Code.
EXCEPTION: Plumbing contractors holding a valid State
Plumbing License and a Fort Worth Bond may install
heating and gas fired appliances not connected with
refrigeration. "All L.P. gas piping installations shall
conform to the applicable Texas Railroad Commission
regulations."
(b) Boiler and Pressure Vessels. Boiler installation or repair
contractors who have been certified by an approved testing
agency, testing to meet (A.S.M.E.) American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers and (A.W.S.) American Welding Society codes may
make boiler and pressure vessel installation and repair.
(c) Automatic Fire Extinguishing Installation. A State License
and a Fort Worth Fire Department Listing is required to obtain a
permit for all automatic fire-extinguishing system installations
regulated by this Code.
LICENSE TESTING PROCEDURE
Sec. 208. Each person who desires to perform mechanical
heating and air conditioning contracting within the jurisdiction of
the City of Fort Worth must first obtain a license from the City
of Fort Worth. Every person desiring to be licensed by the City
to engage in the mechanical heating and air conditioning
contracting business in a capacity for which a license is required
by this Code shall take an examination given by the Building
Inspection Division.
ELIGIBILITY
Sec. 209. To be eligible for application for a heating and air
conditioning contractor's license an applicant must be at least
twenty-one (21) years of age, and have at least three (3) years'
experience in heating, ventilating systems, cooling, refrigeration
systems, incinerators or other miscellaneous gas fired appliances,
and the installation thereof. For the purpose of this require-
ment, a degree in Mechanical Engineering from an accredited
college or university may be deemed the equivalent of three
years' experience.
APPLICATION
Sec. 210. Each person to be examined for a Mechanical
Heating and Air Conditioning License to be issued by the City of
Fort Worth shall first file a written application for such
examination with the Building Inspection Division, Mechanical
Section. The application shall include such information as is
required hereby.
LICENSE USE
Sec. 211. If an applicant is an officer, partner, associate or
supervisory employee of a firm, partnership, association or
corporation which intends to engage in mechanical heating and
air conditioning contracting under the authority of the license
applied for, the applicant shall also provide such information
regarding the firm,partnership, association or corporation as the
application form may require.
WRITTEN EXAMINATION
Sec. 212. The Mechanical Inspection Section shall give written
examinations to those applicants who have satisfied the provis-
ions of Sec. 209 hereof. Each test shall be certified by the
Mechanical Board. Applicants passing the examination may work
prior to final certification by the Board.
EXAMINATION FEE
Sec. 213. Each applicant for a Mechanical Heating and Air
Conditioning License is required to pay an examination fee of
Twenty Dollars ($20.00) to the City of Fort Worth at the time
the application is filed. A Ten Dollar ($10.00) reexamination fee
is required if reexamination is taken within six (6) months of the
first failure.
EXAMINATION LOCATION -TIME
Sec. 214. Examinations may be held in the City Hall or at such
other place as may be designated by the Building Official and
shall be held and limited to the hours between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00
p.m. The time of the holding of such examination shall be set by
the Building Official, and each applicant shall be notified of the
time and location thereof.
EXAMINATION CONTENT
Sec. 215. The examination shall inquire into the applicant's
knowledge of the Mechanical Code of the City of Fort Worth.
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LICENSE ELIGIBILITY
Sec. 216. To become eligible for a license, an applicant shall
attain a grade of not less than 70 on a written examination.
NOTIFICATION
Sec. 217. The Building Inspection Division shall notify an
applicant of his grade as soon as practicable.
GRANTING LICENSE
Sect. 218. (a) Licensing. The City of Fort Worth shall grant a
license to each applicant who has satisfactorily passed the
written examination and pays the specified license fee within
thirty (30) days following the date of certification by the
Mechanical Board.
(b) Late Payment. A late payment fee of the same amount as
the application fee shall be required if the thirty (30) days
following certification has expired, up to a period of six (6)
months. After the six-month period another examination will be
required.
REEXAMINATION
Sec. 219. In the event an applicant fails to pass the written
examination,upon filing of a new application, he shall be eligible
for reexamination after the expiration of thirty (30) days from
notification of such failure to pass. Thereafter, upon failure to
pass any reexamination, said applicant shall not be eligible for
examination for a period of two (2) months.
AUTHORIZATION BY LICENSE
Sec. 220. The license to engage in the business of mechanical
heating and air conditioning contracting within the City of Fort
Worth shall authorize the holder thereof to install or alter
heating, ventilating and exhaust systems, cooling, refrigeration
systems, incinerators or other miscellaneous gas fired appliances
regulated by this Code.
LICENSE FEES
Sec. 221. Licensing fees shall be as follows:
First year or portion thereof $75.00
Yearly renewal 35.00
Delinquency fee for yearly renewal 25.00
YEARLY EXPIRATION OF LICENSE
Sec. 222. Licenses shall expire on December 31 following the
date of issuance or renewal. License fees are due January 1 and
shall be renewed annually on or before February 1 upon payment
of the required fee.
LAPSED LICENSE
Sec. 223. Any license which has lapsed not more than one (1)
year may be renewed upon payment of the delinquency fee. A
license which has lapsed for more than one (1) year shall not be
renewable and reexamination shall be required.
RESTRICTIONS OF LICENSE
Sec. 224. Licensees shall not be simultaneously employed by,
or work for more than one business entity for the purpose of
obtaining permits under this Code or for the purpose of doing or
supervising work that can only be done by authority of a permit
obtained under the provisions of this Code.
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TERMINATION OF LICENSEE
Sec. 225. Licenses shall not be assigned or transferred, but a
license of any officer,partner, associate or supervisory employee
of a firm, partnership, association or corporation shall be
sufficient to qualify such firm, partnership, association or
corporation to engage in the business of mechanical heating and
air conditioning contracting if a licensee is solely employed by or
associated with such firm,partnership, association or corporation
in a permanent, fulltime capacity. In the event all holders of
valid licenses terminate their relationship with such firm,
partnership, association or corporation, said entity may continue
in the business of mechanical heating and air conditioning
contracting only on those permits obtained prior to such
termination; provided, however, that such permits shall not be
valid for more than ninety (90) days from the date of termina-
tion. Thereafter, in order for a firm, partnership or corporation
to continue operations as a mechanical heating and air condition-
ing contractor, another officer, partner, associate or supervisory
employee of said entity must either hold a valid license or pass
the examination, or such entity must engage the full-time
services of a valid license holder.
TEMPORARY LICENSE
Sec. 226. When approved by the Building Official, a
Temporary Work License may be issued to a person qualifying for
a Fort Worth Mechanical Heating and Air Conditioning Contrac-
ting License. The time period for this license shall not exceed
three (3) months.
This Temporary Work License will entitle the holder to obtain
one permit to begin installation of equipment regulated by the
Fort Worth Mechanical Code. During the three-month time
period, or before the installation is complete and before a final
inspection has been made, the person who has been issued a
Temporary Work License shall be required to take the Licensing
Examination and obtain a valid Fort Worth Mechanical Heating
and Air Conditioning Contractors License.
A fee for this license shall include an examination fee
corresponding to Sec. 213 and a licensing fee corresponding to
Sec. 221. This fee shall be paid in full before the issuance of a
permit. No additional fee will be required when the require-
ments for a valid Mechanical, Heating and Air Conditioning
license have been certified.
VEHICLE
Sec. 227. All vehicles operated in connection with the
installation, erection, alteration, relocation and replacement of
any equipment regulated by this code shall be identified on each
side with the company name. Where a license is required by Sec.
207, the licensee's name and license number shall be added for
identification. Letters of identification shall be a minimum of
Z% inches in height, visible and legible at all times that the
vehicle is in use for contracting of regulated equipment.
Chapter 3
PERMITS AND INSPECTION
PERMITS REQUIRED
Sec. 301. No person shall install, alter, reconstruct or repair
any heating, ventilating, cooling, or refrigeration equipment
unless a permit therefor has been obtained from the Building
Official except as otherwise provided in this Code.
A permit shall be obtained for all heating, ventilating, cooling,
or refrigeration equipment, moved with, or installed in, any
relocated building. A separate permit shall be obtained for the
equipment installed in each separate building or structure.
A permit shall not be required for the following:
1. Any portable heating appliance.
Z. Any portable ventilating equipment.
3. Any portable cooling unit.
4. Any steam, hot, or chilled water piping within any heating
or cooling equipment regulated by this Code.
5. Replacement of any component part or assembly of an
appliance which does not alter its original approval and
complies with other applicable requirements of this Code.
6. Any portable evaporative cooler.
7. Any refrigerating equipment which is a part of the
equipment for which a permit has been issued pursuant to
the requirements of this Code.
8. Any unit refrigerating system installed in an R-3 occu-
pancy and commonly referred to as a window air condi-
tioning unit.
PERMITS
Sec. 302. (a) Permit Application. To obtain a permit, the
applicant shall file an application on forms furnished for that
purpose. The application shall contain all information necessary
to the lawful enforcement of the provisions of this Code.
Permits for heating, cooling,heating and cooling duct systems,
other gas fired or electric appliances regulated by this code, and
refrigeration will be issued only to holders of a valid Mechanical
Heating and Air Conditioning License as noted by Sec. 207.
EXCEPTION: Such licenses are not required in order to
obtain permits for the installation, alteration or repair of
evaporative coolers, fans, ventilation and exhaust sys-
tems.
Permits for other equipment regulated by this code will be
issued only to holders of required licenses or certifications as
noted by Sec. 207.
(b) Plans and Specifications. When required by the Building
Official for the enforcement of any provisions of this Code,plans
and specifications for the installation of environmental heating
or cooling systems, absorption systems, ventilation systems and
hoods shall be filed with the Building Official and approved
before the issuance of any permit for the following:
I. Any Group A, E, H or I Occupancy.
2. New buildings having an aggregate floor area including
basements of 15,000 square feet and over.
3. Installations other than those listed in items 1 and 2
above, where the aggregate input capacity is 350,000
Btu/h and over for environmental heating, or an aggregate
of 25 horsepower and over for environmental cooling, or
an aggregate of 350,000 Btu/h input capacity and over for
absorption units.
IAW ..
The Building Official may require such plans and specifications
to be prepared and designed by an engineer or architect licensed
by the state to practice as such.
One set of plans and specifications may be filed for checking
provided that not less than two sets of corrected plans and
specifications are filed before approval is given by the Building
Official. After approval, one set of plans shall be retained by
the Building Official and the other set shall be returned to the
applicant, which set shall be kept on such building or work at all
times during which the work authorized is in progress.
When the plans and specifications do not comply with
provisions of this Code, the necessary changes or revisions shall
be made thereto.
Every plan shall be a print or other type of plan approved by
the Building Official. The information contained on the plans
shall be clearly legible and specifically indicated. No plan shall
be of a scale smaller than 1/8 inch per foot.
Specifications, legibly and definitely stated, shall be included
either on the plan or on separate sheets.
The approval of any plans or specifications shall not be
construed to sanction any violation of this Code.
No person shall deviate materially from any approved plans or
specifications or fail, neglect, or refuse to comply therewith
unless permission to do so has been obtained from the Building
Official.
The plans or specifications shall show the following:
1. Layout for each floor with dimensions of all working
spaces and a legend of all symbols used.
2. Location,size, and material of all piping.
3. Location, size and materials of all air ducts, air inlets and
air outlets.
4. Location of all fans, warm-air furnaces, boilers, absorp-
tion units,refrigerant compressors and condensers and the
weight of all pieces of such equipment weighing 200
pounds or more.
5. Rated capacity or horsepower of all boilers, warm-air
furnaces, heat exchangers, blower fans, refrigerant com-
pressors and absorption units.
6. Location, size and material of all combustion products
vents and chimneys.
7. Location and area of all ventilation and combustion air
openings and ducts.
8. Location of all air dampers, all products of combustion
dampers, and fire dampers and/or doors and products of
combustion detectors.
9. First sheet of each set of plans and specifications shall
show the address of the proposed work and the name and
address of the owner or lessee of the premises.
10. Plans and specifications shall be of sufficient clarity to
show that the proposed installation will conform to the
provisions of this Code and of all applicable laws,
ordinances, rules, regulations and orders.
(c) Issuance. When the Building Official determines that the
information on the application is in conformance with this Code,
he shall issue a permit upon receipt of the total fees.
... ..
VALIDITY AND LENGTH OF PERMIT
Sec. 303. (a) Validity. The issuance or granting of a permit or
approval of plans and specifications shall not be construed to be
a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the
provisions of this Code. No permit presuming to give authority
to violate or cancel the provisions of this Code shall be valid,
except insofar as the work or use which it authorizes is lawful.
The issuance of a permit based upon plans and specifications
shall not prevent the Building Official from thereafter requiring
the correction of errors in said plans and specifications or from
preventing construction being carried on thereunder when in
violation of this Code or of any other ordinance.
(b) Expiration. Every permit issued by the Building Official
under the provisions of this Code shall expire by limitation and
become null and void, if the building or work authorized by such
permit is not commenced within 60 days from the date of such
permit, or if the building or work authorized by such permit is
suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is com-
menced for a period of 120 days. Before such work can be
recommenced a new permit shall be obtained first so to do, and
the fee therefor shall be one-half the amount required for anew
permit for such work, provided no changes have been made or
will be made in the original plans and specifications for such
work; and provided, further, that such suspension or abandonment
has not exceeded one year.
(c) Suspension or Revocation. The Building Official may, in
writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under provisions of
this Code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis
of incorrect information supplied, or in violation of any ordi-
nance or regulation or any of the provisions of this Code.
(d) Penalty Fee. Where work for which a permit is required by
this Code is started or commenced without obtaining a permit,
the fees specified in Section 304 shall be doubled, but the
payment of such double fee shall not relieve any persons from
fully complying with the requirements of this Code in the
execution of the work, nor from any other penalties prescribed
herein.
(e) Administrative Charge. Where work for which a permit
has been issued does not commence, and a request is made for a
cancellation of such permit within the 60-day time limit, the
permit fee may be returned, upon request, minus an administra-
tion charge of $5.00. After the 60 days no fee shall be returned.
PERMIT FEES
Sec. 304. Any person desiring a permit required by this Code,
shall, at the time of filing an application therefor, pay Permit
and Inspection Fees as required by this section for the installa-
tion,relocation, or replacement of any of the following:
For the issuance of each permit $ 5.00
INSPECTION FEES
Forced Air HeatingFurnaces including
ducts and or vents attached thereto:
Capacity to and including 100,000 Btu
input or 20KW $ 3.00
Over 100,000 Btu or 20KW and
including 400,000 Btu or 40 KW $ 5.00
HEATING APPMNCES NON-DUCTED AIR
Gas Unit or Room Heater, including vent $ 4.00
Gas Wall Heater, including vent $ 4.00
Gas Floor Furnace, including vent $ 4.00
Gas Infra Red Heating Unit $ 4.00
Electric Heater, Wall, Space, Unit, etc. $ 4.00
ENERGY-USING HEAT APPLIANCE
OTHER THAN ABOVE
Per 1,000 Btu Input $0.04 Minimum $ 3.00
Per 1 KW $0.14 Minimum $ 3.00
EACH LOW OR HIGH PRESSURE STEAM OR
HOT WATER BOILER RATED IN EITHER BTU'S
INPUT, BOILER HORSEPOWER OUTPUT OR KW
Per 1,000 Btu's input $0.04 Minimum $3.00
Per Boiler HP output $1.30 Minimum $ 3.00
Per KW $0.14 Minimum $ 3.00
EACH ABSORBER UNIT, ELECTRICAL
RECIPROCATING, CENTRIFUGAL, OR
ROTARY COMPRESSOR, CONDENSING
UNIT, OR CHILLER UNIT, EACH ON ITS
NORMAL CAPACITY RATING
Up to and including 2 tons $ 3.00
Over 2 and including 3 tons $ 5.00
Over 3 and including 5 tons $ 8.00
Over 5 and including 7% tons $11.00
Over 7% and including 10 tons $14.00
Over 10 and including 30 tons, per ton $ 1.30
Over 30 and including 100 tons, per ton $ 1.20
Over 100 and including 320 tons, per ton $ 1.00
Over 320 and including 520 tons, per ton $ 0.80
Over 520 tons, per ton $ 0.60
EACH ROOF-TOP OR COMBINATION UNIT,
INCLUDING DUCTS AND DRAIN
Heating
Cooling and
Only Cooling
Up to and including 3 tons $ 5.00 $10.00
Over 3 and including 5 tons $ 8.00 $14.00
Over 5 and including 7% tons $11.00 $19.00
Over 7% and including 10 tons $14.00 $22.00
Over 10 tons, per ton $ 2.00 $ 2.50
ROOF-TOP HEATING ONLY
Unit per 1,000 Btu $0.04 Minimum $ 3.00
THROUGH-THE-WALL A/C UNITS
All Sizes Each $ 4.00
COOLING TOWER, EVAPORATIVE OR AIR-
COOLED CONDENSER, TONNAGE BASED
ON LOCAL DESIGN CONDITIONS
All size units,per
ton refrigeration
capacity $0.50 Minimum $ 3.00
COOLING-HEATING COILS
D.E. or Chill Water
per ton $0.50 Minimum $ 3.00
Steam or Hot Water
per 1,000 Btu $0.04 Minimum $ 3.00
14W ...
FAN AND COIL UNITS INCLUDING DRAINS
Cool and Heat per ton $1.00 Minimum $ 3.00
Cool only, per ton $0.50 Minimum $ 3.00
Heating Unit only,
per 1,000 Btu $0.04 Minimum $ 3.00
ELECTRIC HEAT STRIPS FOR UNITS
OR DUCT INSTALLATION
Per KW $0.14 Minimum $ 3.00
Mixing Box-Conditioned Air $ 1.00
Mixing Box-Forced Air $ 2.00
Duct Addition or System
not included elsewhere,
per outlet $0.50 Minimum $ 3.00
MISCELLANEOUS
Commercial food preparation hood-
Grease Type I $ 8.00
Commercial food preparation hood-
Heat or Moisture Type Il $ 6.00
Commercial hood exhaust fan-Grease $ 5.00
Commercial hood exhaust fan-Heat
or Moisture $ 4.00
Commercial hood exhaust duct-Grease $ 5.00
Commercial hood exhaust duct-Heat
or Moisture $ 4.00
Commercial kitchen make-up air unit $ 5.00
Commercial hood automatic electronic
smoke extractor $16.00
Automatic fire-extinguishing equip-
ment system $16.00
Range hood for R occupancy $ 1.00
Range hood exhaust duct, for R occupancy$ 1.00
Toilet exhaust fan and/or duct (per inlet) $ 1.00
Ventilation fan and duct system $ 4.00
Industrial Hood $ 6.00
Mechanical ventilator $ 4.00
Flue replacement-U.L. labeled $ 3.00
Flue or stack for commercial and
industrial appliances $ 5.00
Humidifier $ 2.00
Vented decorative appliance $ 4.00
Clothes dryer and vent $ 5.00
Incinerator, per
1,000 Btu $0.04 Minimum $ 3.00
Incinerator modification $50.00
Condensate drain-approved, other than
gravity to sanitary sewer $ 3.00
Fire or Smoke Damper $ 1.00
Circulating water pump $ 1.00
Evaoprative cooler $ 4.00
Automatic shutoff-products of
combustion $ 5.00
Solar energy system $30.00
Thermal heat recovery devices $30.00
Gas Extension - Test $ 5.00
For each appliance or piece of equipment
regulated by this Ordinance for which
no other fee is listed $ 5.00
Inspection of previously rejected work $10.00
Written Notification of Mechanical
Code Nonconformance $ 5.00
INSPECTION ~ INMW
Sec. 305. All equipment for which a permit is obtained under
this Code shall be inspected by the Building Official.
That portion of any equipment intended to be concealed by any
permanent portion of the building shall not be concealed until
inspected and approved.
When the installation of any equipment is complete, a second
or final inspection shall be made.
Equipment regulated by this Code shall not be connected to
the fuel or power supply until authorized by the Building Official.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of this Section shall
not be considered to prohibit the operation of any heating
equipment installed to replace existing heating equipment
serving an occupied portion of a building, in the event a
request for inspection of such heating equipment has been
filed with the Department not more than 48 hours after
such replacement work is completed, and before any
portion of such equipment is concealed by any permanent
portion of the building.
A final inspection approval may, upon notice, be revoked by
the Building Official if he finds that the heating, ventilating,
cooling,or refrigeration equipment fails in any respect to comply
with the requirements of this Code, or that the installation is
unsafe, dangerous, or a hazard to life or property.
REQUEST FOR INSPECTION
Sec. 306. The Building Official may require that every request
for inspection be filed at least one day before such inspection is
desired. Such request may be in writing or by telephone at the
option of the Building Official.
It shall be the responsibility of the permit holder to request a
final inspection from the Building Inspection Division upon
completion of an installation requiring a permit. See Sec. 303(b).
It shall be the duty of the person requesting inspection of any
equipment regulated by this Code to provide access to and means
for proper inspection of such equipment.
The Building Official shall not be liable for any expense
entailed in the removal or replacement of any material required
to allow the inspection.
REVOCATION OF PERMIT OR LICENSE
Sec. 307. (a) Job Abandonment. If, after a permit is issued to
a named licensee under the provisions hereof, said licensee
abandons the job, becomes incapacitated or his services are
terminated prior to final inspection and approval thereof by the
Building Official, the permit holder of the person engaging the
services of the licensee shall immediately notify the Building
Official in writing. Upon such notification, the Building Official
shall immediately have an inspection made of the work com-
pleted to that time, and he may revoke the outstanding permit
and require that a new permit be obtained before the work is
allowed to resume.
(b) License Revoked. A license or permit may be suspended,
repealed or revoked by the Building Official by reason of the
occurrence of one or more of the following:
1. Adjudication of insanity;
Z. Fraud or misrepresentation in obtaining a license or
permit;
3. Violation of any provision of this ordinance,the Plumbing,
Electrical or Building Codes or any other regulatory
ordinances of the City applicable to the installation or
alteration of appliances, equipment or systems as set
forth in the Mechanical Ordinance, as amended;
4. Conviction of defrauding any person for whom he has
rendered or contracted to render service;
5. Failure to obtain a permit or the attempted assignment of
a permit;
6. The voluntary or involuntary filing of bankruptcy proceed-
ings by or against the firm, partnership, association or
corporation; and failure to pay permit fees.
T. The sending of six notifications within a six-month period
that the licensee is in violation of Mechanical Ordinance,
as amended.
SUSPENSION OF LICENSE
Sec. 308. (a) License Suspension. Upon suspension or
revocation of said Mechanical and Air Conditioning Contracting
License, same shall be null and void and no work thereafter may
be performed thereunder.
(b) Board Affirmation. Upon appeal to the Mechanical Board,
said Board may affirm, revise or modify such suspension or
revocation.
PART 11 1%W
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 4
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
GENERAL
Sec. 401. For the purpose of this Code, certain abbreviations,
terms, phrases, words and their derivatives shall be construed as
specified in this Chapter. Words used in the singular include the
plural and the plural the singular. Words used in the masculine
gender include the feminine, and the feminine the masculine.
ACCEPTED MEANINGS
Sec. 402. Except as defined in this Chapter or elsewhere in
this Code, the interpretation of words used in this Code shall be
in accordance with the meanings defined in the Building Code,
and Webster's New International Dictionary of the English
Language, Unabridged,Third Edition,published in 1961.
A
Sec. 403. ABSORPTION UNIT is an absorption refrigerating
system which has been factory-assembled and tested prior to its
installation.
AIR CONDITIONING UNIT, cooling, (heating) is a specific air
treating combination, consisting of a means for ventilation, air
circulation, air cleaning and heat transfer, with a controlled
means for cooling and/or heating.
AIR HANDLING UNIT is a blower or fan used for the purpose
of distributing conditioned air supply to a room, space, or area.
APPLIANCE is a device which utilizes fuel or other forms of
energy to produce light, heat, power, refrigeration or air
conditioning. This definition also shall include a vented
decorative appliance.
APPROVED, as to materials, equipment, and method of
construction, refers to approval by the Building Official as the
result of investigation and tests conducted by him, or by reason
of accepted principles or tests by national authorities, technical
or scientific organizations.
APPROVED AGENCY is an established and recognized agency
regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection
services, when such agency has been approved by the Building
Of ficial.
ASSEMBLY BUILDING is a building or a portion of a building
used for the gathering together of 50 or more persons for such
purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, enter-
tainment, amusement or awaiting transportation or of 100 or
more persons in drinking and dining establishments.
ATTIC is that space which is between a roof and the ceiling.
B
Sec. 404. BOILERS, their accessories and appurtenances, for
definitions thereof, refer to Section 2104.
BOILER, HIGH PRESSURE, is a boiler furnishing steam at
pressures in excess of 15 pounds per square inch or hot water at
temperatures in excess of 2500F., or at pressures in excess of
160 pounds per square inch.
BOILER, LOW PRESSURE HOT WATER and LOW PRESSURE
STEAM is a boiler furnishing hot water at pressures not
exceeding 160 pounds per square inch and at temperatures not
more than 2500F., or steam at pressures not more than 15 pounds
per square inch.
BOILER ROOM is any ?Wm containing a steam or hot watel""
boiler.
BRAZED JOINT is any joint obtained by joining of metal parts
with alloys which melt at temperatures higher than 8000E-, but
lower than the melting temperature of the parts to be joined.
BREECHING is a metal connector for medium- and high-heat
appliances.
BRINE is any liquid used for the transmission of heat without a
change in its state, having no flash point or a flash point above
1500F., as determined by the requirements of U.M.G. Standard
No. 4-1.
Btu/h is the listed maximum capacity of any appliance,
absorption unit, or burner expressed in British thermal units input
per hour unless otherwise noted.
BUILDING CODE is the 1976 Edition of the Uniform Building
Code published by the International Conference of Building
Officials.
BUILDING OFFICIAL is the officer charged with the adminis-
tration and enforcement of this Code, or his regularly authorized
deputy.
C
Sec. 405. CENTRAL HEATING PLANT or HEATING PLANT is
environmental heating equipment installed in a manner to supply
heat by means of ducts or pipes to areas other than the room or
space in which the equipment is located.
CHIMNEY is a vertical shaft enclosing one or more flues for
conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere.
Factory-built Chimney is a listed chimney.
Masonry Chimney is a chimney of solid masonry units, bricks,
stones, listed masonry units or reinforced concrete, lined with
suitable flue liners.
Metal Chimney is a chimney constructed of metal with a
minimum thickness not less than that of No. 10 Manufacturers'
Standard gage steel sheet.
CHIMNEY CLASSIFICATIONS:
Chimney, Residential Appliance Type, is a factory built or
masonry chimney suitable for removing products of combustion
from residential-type appliances producing combustion gases not
in excess of 1000 F., measured at the appliance flue outlet.
Chimney, Low-heat Appliance Type, is a factory-built, mason-
ry or metal chimney suitable for removing the products of
combustion from fuel-burning low-heat appliances producing
combustion gases not in excess of 1000 F. under normal
operatin conditions but capable of producing combustion gases
of 1400 F. during intermittent forced firing for periods up to one
hour. All temperatures are measured at the appliance flue
outlet.
Chimney, Medium-heat Appliance Type, is a factory-built,
masonry or metal chimney suitable for removing the products of
combustion from fuel-burning medium-heat appliances producing
combustion gases not in excess of 20000F., measured at the
appliance flue outlet.
Chimney, High-heat Appliance Type, is a factory-built, mason-
ry or metal chimney suitable for removing the products of
combustion from fuel-burning high-heat appliances producing
combustion gases in excess of ZO000E-, measured at the
appliance flue outlet.
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR is the pipe which connects a fuel-
burning appliance to a chimney.
CIRCULATING AIR is ' being conveyed from a conditions
area or from outside of %we building through openings, duct
plenums, or concealed spaces to a heat exchanger of a heating,
cooling, absorption, or evaporative cooling system.
CLOSET (See CONFINED SPACE.)
COMPANION OR BLOCK VALVES are pairs of mating stop
valves, valuing off sections of systems and arranged so that these
sections may be joined before opening these valves or separated
after closing them.
COMPRESSOR is a specific machine, with or without acces-
sories, for compressing a given refrigerant vapor.
CONDENSER is a vessel or arrangement of piping or tubing in
which vaporized refrigerant is liquefied by the removal of heat.
CONDENSING UNIT is a specific refrigerating machine combi-
nation for a given refrigerant, consisting of one or more power-
driven compressors, condensers, liquid receivers (when required),
and the regularly furnished accessories.
CONDITIONED AIR SUPPLY is air being conveyed to a
conditioned area through ducts or plenums from a heat exchanger
of a heating, cooling, absorption, or evaporative cooling system.
CONDITIONED SPACE is an area, room or space normally
occupied and being heated, or cooled, for human habitation by
any equipment.
CONFINED SPACE is any room or enclosed space that has a
volume less than 12 times the total volume of a furnace or
furnaces and 16 times the total volume of a boiler or boilers
located in such room or space. If the actual ceiling height of the
room or space is greater than 8 feet, the volume shall be figured
on the basis of a ceiling height of 8 feet.
COOLING is air cooling to 500F. or above.
COOLING SYSTEM is all of that equipment intended or
installed for the purpose of cooling air by mechanical means and
discharging such air into any room or space. This definition shall
not include any evaporative cooler.
COOLING UNIT is a self-contained refrigerating system,
which has been factory-assembled and tested, installed with or
without conditioned air ducts and without connecting any
refrigerant-containing parts. This definition shall not include a
portable cooling unit or an absorption unit.
D
Sec 406. DAMPERS shall be defined as follows:
Fire Damper is a damper arranged to seal off air flow
automatically through part of an air duct system, so as to
restrict the passage of heat.
Smoke Damper is a damper arranged to seal off air flow
automatically through a part of an air duct system, so as to
restrict the passage of smoke.
Volume Damper is any device which when installed will
restrict, retard or direct the flow of air in any duct, or the
products of combustion in any heat-producing equipment,its vent
connector, vent or chimney therefrom.
DEGREE DAYS is a mathematical unit, obtained from the
mean daily high and low temperatures, which are totaled into
monthly and annual Degree Days for various cities within the
United States. They are used as a comparative quantitative
measure of the fuel requirements for both cooling and heating.
Cooling Degree Days are the number of degrees that the mean
temperature for that day was above 70oF.
to
Heating .Degree Days alwthe number of degrees that the mea.i
temperature for that day was below 650F.
DESIGN PRESSURE is the maximum allowable pressure for
which a specific part of a system is designed.
DIRECT GAS-FIRED MAKE-UP AIR HEATER is a heater in
which all the products of combustion generated by the gasburning
device are released into the outside air stream being heated.
DIRECT FIRED air heater is a heater in which all the products
of combustion generated by the burning device are released into
the air stream being heated.
DIRECT SYSTEM is one in which the evaporator is in direct
contact with the material or space refrigerated, or is located in
air-circulating passages communicating with such spaces.
DIRECT VENT APPLIANCES are appliances which are con-
structed and installed so that all air for combustion is derived
from the outside atmosphere and all flue gases are discharged to
the outside atmosphere.
DRAFT HOOD is a device built into an appliance, or made a
part of the vent connector from an appliance, which is designed
to:
1. Assure the ready escape of the flue gases in the event of
no draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the draft hood.
Z. Prevent a back draft from entering the appliance.
3. Neutralize the effect of stack action of the chimney or
gas vent upon the operation of the appliance.
DUCT is any tube or conduit for transmission of air. This
definition shall not include:
I. A vent, a vent connector, or a chimney connector.
2. Any tube or conduit wherein the pressure of the air
exceeds one pound per square inch.
3. The air passage of listed self-contained systems.
DUCT FURNACE is a warm-air furnace normally installed in
an air distribution duct to supply warm air for heating. This
definition shall apply only to a warm-air heating appliance which
depends for air circulation on a blower not furnished as part of
the furnace.
DUCT SYSTEMS are all ducts, duct fittings, plenums and fans
assembled to form a continuous passageway for the distribution
of air.
Low Pressure Systems are systems operating not in excess of 2
inches water column pressure.
Medium Pressure Systems are systems operating with pressures
over 2 inches up to and including 6 inches water column pressure.
High Pressure Systems are systems operating in excess of 6
inches water column pressure.
The above noted values are the static pressures existing in the
duct at its connection to the fan discharge plenum.
DWELLING is any building or any portion thereof, which is not
an "Apartment House," "Lodging House" or a "Hotel" as defined
in the Uniform Building Code, which contains one or two
"Dwelling Units" or "Guest Rooms," used, intended, or designed
to be built, used, rented, leased, let, or hired out to be occupied,
or which is occupied for living purposes.
'`/ V
DWELLING UNIT is one or more habitable rooms which are
occupied or which are intended or designed to be occupied by one
family with facilities for living, sleeping, cooking and eating.
E
Sec. 407. ELECTRIC HEATING APPLIANCE is a device which
produces heat energy to create a warm environment by the
application of electric power to resistance elements, refrigerant.
compressors, or dissimilar material junctions.
EQUIPMENT is a general term including materials, fittings,
devices, appliances and apparatus used as part of or in
connection with installations regulated by this Code.
EVAPORATIVE COOLER is a device used for reducing the
sensible heat of air for cooling, by the process of evaporation of
water into an air stream.
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM is all of that equipment
intended or installed for the purpose of environmental cooling by
an evaporative cooler, from which the conditioned air is
distributed through ducts or plenums to the conditioned area.
EVAPORATOR is that part of a refrigerating system in which
liquid refrigerant is vaporized to produce refrigeration.
F
Sec. 408. FIRE CODE is the Uniform Fire Code, 1976 Edition.
FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION is construction complying
with the requirements of the Building Code, for the time period
specified.
FLOOR FURNACE is a completely self-contained furnace
suspended from the floor of the space being heated, taking air
for combustion from outside such space, and with means for
observing flames and lighting the appliance from such space.
FORCED-AIR TYPE CENTRAL FURNACE is that part of a
warm air heating plant in which energy is transformed into heat.
Also a completely controlled heating unit for the purpose of
transferring heat from consumed energy to a circulating Air
Supply furnished by a blower within a heating system.
Horizontal Type Central Furnace is a furnace designed for low
headroom installations with air flow through the appliance in a
horizontal path.
Upflow Type Central Furnace is a furnace designed with air
flow essentially in a vertical path, discharging air at, or near, the
top of the furnace.
Downf low Type Central Furnace is a furnace designed with air
flow essentially in a vertical path, discharging air at,.or near, the
bottom of the furnace.
Enclosed Furnace is a specific heating or heating and ventilat-
ing furnace incorporating an integral total enclosure and using
only outside air for combustion.
FUSIBLE PLUG is a device arranged to relieve the pressure in
a container by operation of a fusible member at a predetermined
temperature.
G
Sec. 409. GALVANIZED STEEL is any steel conforming to the
requirements of U.M.C. Standard No. 4-2.
GENERATOR is a device equipped with a means of heating
used in an absorption system to drive refrigerant out of solution.
GRAVITY HEATING SYSTEM is any heating system consisting
of a gravity-type warm-air furnace together with all air ducts or
pipes and accessory apparatus installed in connection therewith.
GRAVITY-TYPE WARM-AIR FURNACE is a warm-air furnace
depending primarily on circulation of air through the furnace by
gravity.
This definition also shall include any furnace approved with a
booster-type fan, which does not materially restrict free
circulation of air through the furnace when the fan is not in
operation.
�r .r
H
Sec. 410. HAZARDOUS LOCATION is any area or space
where combustible dust, ignitible fibers or flammable, volatile
liquids, gases, vapors or mixtures, are or may be present in the
air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible
mixtures.
HEATING DEGREE DAY is a unit, based upon temperature
difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and
specifying nominal annual heating load of a building. For any one
day when the mean temperature is less than 650F., there exist as
many degree days as there are Fahrenheit degrees difference in
temperature between mean temperature for the day and b50F.
HEATING EQUIPMENT includes all warm-air furnaces, warm-
air heaters, combustion products vents, heating air distribution
ducts and fans, all steam and hot water piping together with all
control devices and accessories installed as part of, or in
connection with, any environmental heating system or appliance
regulated by this Code.
HEATING SYSTEM is a warm-air heating plant consisting of a
heat exchanger enclosed in a casing, from which the heated air is
distributed through ducts to various rooms and areas. A heating
system includes the circulating air and conditioned air supply and
all accessory apparatus and equipment installed in connection
therewith.
HIGH SIDE is any portion of a refrigerating system under
condenser pressure.
HOOD is any air-intake device connected to a mechanical
exhaust system for collecting vapors, fumes, smoke, dust, steam,
heat or odors from, at or near the equipment, place or area
where generated, produced or released.
I
Sec. 411. INDUSTRIAL HEATING EQUIPMENT is any appli-
ance, device or equipment used, or intended to be used, in an
industrial, manufacturing, or commercial occupancy for applying
heat to any material being processed, but shall not include water
heaters, boilers or portable equipment used by artisans in pursuit
of a trade.
INSANITARY LOCATION is any area, space or room where the
air is unfit or undesirable for circulation to occupied parts of a
building.
J
Sec. 412. No definitions.
K
Sec. 413. No definitions.
L
Sec. 414. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (Gases), or LPG (LP-
Gas) shall mean and include any material composed predominant-
ly of any of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of them:
propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane or isobutane), and
buytlenes.
When reference is made to liquefied petroleum gas in this
Code, it shall refer to liquefied petroleum gases in either the
liquid or gaseous state.
LIQUID RECEIVER is a vessel permanently connected to a
system by inlet and outlet pipes for storage of a liquid
refrigerant.
LISTED AND LISTING r terms referring to equipment whic
is shown in a list publiNred by an approved testing agency
qualified and equipped for experimental testing and maintaining
an adequate periodic inspection of current productions and whose
listing shows that the equipment complies with the Standards set
forth in this Code.
LOW SIDES refer to the parts of a refrigeration system under
evaporator pressure.
M
Sec. 415. MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION INSTRUC-
TIONS are printed instructions included with equipment as part
of the conditions of listing.
MECHANICAL JOINT is a joint obtained by the joining of
metal parts through a positive-holding mechanical construction.
N
Sec.416. NONCOMBUSTIBLE, as applied to building construc-
tion material, means a material which in the form in which it is
used,is either one of the following:
1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when
subjected to fire. Any material conforming to U.B.C.
Standard No. 4-1 shall be considered noncombustible
within the meaning of this Section.
2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible
material as defined in item No. 1 above, with a surfacing
material not over 1/8 inch thick which has a flame-spread
rating not higher than 50.
"Noncombustible" does not apply to surface finish materials.
Material required to be noncombustible for reduced clearances to
flues, heating appliances, or other sources of high temperature
shall refer to material conforming to item No. 1. No material
shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in
combustibility or flame-spread rating beyond the limits herein
established, through the effects of age, moisture, or other
atmospheric condition.
Flame-spread rating as used herein refers to rating obtained
according to tests conducted as specified in U.B.C. Standard No.
42-1.
O
Sec 417. OCCUPANCY is the purpose for which a building is
used or intended to be used. The term also shall include the
building or room housing such use. Change of occupancy is not
intended to include change of tenants or proprietors.
For the purpose of this Code, certain occupancies are defined
as follows:
Group A Occupancies:
Division 1. Any assembly building with a stage and an
occupant load of 1000 or more in the building.
Division 2. Any building or portion of a building having an
assembly room with an occupant load of less than 1000 and a
stage.
Division 2.1. Any building or portion of a building having an
assembly room with an occupant load of 300 or more without a
stage, including such buildings used for educational purposes and
not classed as a Group E or Group B, Division 2 Occupancy.
Division 3. Any building or portion of a building having an
assembly room with an occupant load of less than 300 without a
stage, including such buildings used for educational purposes and
not classed as a Group E or Group B,Division 2 Occupancy.
a,c
14W NO/
Division 4. Stadiums, reviewing stands, and amusement park
structures not included within Group A Occupancies.
Group B Occupancies:
Division 1. Gasoline service stations, storage garages where
no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance
requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable
liquids.
Division 2. Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings,
drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of
less than 1009 printing plants, municipal police and fire stations,
factories and workshops using materials not highly flammable or
combustible, storage and sales rooms for combustible goods,
paint stores without bulk handling.
Buildings or portions of buildings having rooms used for
educational purposes, beyond the 12th grade and with less than
50 occupants in any room.
Division 3. Aircraft hangars where no repair work is done
except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open
flames, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids.
Open parking garages.
Heliports.
Division 4. Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold
storage,creameries.
Factories and workshops using noncombustible and nonexplo-
sive materials.
Storage and salesrooms of noncombustible and nonexplosive
materials.
Group E Occupancies:
Division 1. Any building used for educational purposes through
the ltth grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per
week or four hours in any one day.
Division 2. Any building used for educational purposes through
the 12th grade by less than 50 persons for more than 12 hours per
week or four hours in any one day.
Division 3. Any building used for day care purposes for more
than six children.
Group H Occupancies:
Division 1. Storage and handling of hazardous and highly
flammable or explosive materials other than flammable liquids.
Division 2. Storage and handling of Class I, Class II, and Class
III-A flammable liquids, as set forth in U.B.C. Standard No. 10-1;
dry-cleaning plants using flammable liquids; paint stores with
bulk handling;paint shops and spray painting rooms and shops.
Division 3. Woodworking establishments, planing mills, box
factories, buffing rooms for tire rebuilding plants and picking
rooms; shops, factories or warehouses where loose combustible
fibers or dust are manufactured, processed, generated or stored
and pin refinishing rooms.
Division 4. Repair garages.
Division 5. Aircraft repair hangars.
9i
Group I Occupancies:
Division 1. Nurseries for the full-time care of children under
the age of six (each accommodating more than five persons).
Hospitals, sanitariums, nursing homes with nonambulatory
patients and similar buildings (each accommodating more than
five persons).
Division 2. Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for
children six years of age or over (each accommodating more than
five persons).
Division 3. Mental hospitals, mental sanitariums, jails,
reformatories, and buildings where personal liberties of inmates
are similarly restrained.
Group I Occupancies shall not include buildings used only for
private residential purposes or for a family group.
Group M Occupancies:
Division 1. Private garages, sheds, and agricultural buildings
when not over 1000 square feet in area.
Division Z. Fences, tanks, and towers.
Division R Occupancies:
Division. 1. Hotels and apartments. Convents and monasteries
(each accommodating more than 10 persons).
Division 3. Dwelling and lodging houses.
P
Sec. 418. PLENUM is an air compartment or chamber to
which one or more ducts are connected and which forms part of
either the conditioned air supply, circulating air or exhaust air
system, other than the occupied space being conditioned.
PORTABLE COOLING UNIT is a self-contained refrigerating
system, not over three horsepower rating, which has been
factory-assembled and tested, installed without conditioned air
ducts and without connecting any refrigerant-containing parts.
This definition shall not include an absorption unit.
PORTABLE EVAPORATIVE COOLER is any evaporative cool-
er which discharges the conditioned air directly into the
conditioned area without the use of ducts and can be readily
transported from place to place without dismantling any portion
thereof.
PORTABLE HEATING APPLIANCE is any approved unvented
air heating appliance designed for environmental heating which is
not secured or attached to a building by any means other than by
fuel piping or electrical wiring.
PORTABLE VENTILATING EQUIPMENT is any ventilating
equipment that can be readily transported from place to place
without dismantling any portion thereof and which is not
connected to a duct.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR is a compressor in
which increase in pressure is attained by changing the internal
volume of the compression chamber.
PRESSURE-IMPOSING ELEMENT is any device or portion of
the equipment used for the purpose of increasing the refrigerant
vapor pressure.
PRESSURE LIMITING DEVICE is a pressure-responsive
mechanism designed to automatically stop the operation of the
pressure-imposing element at a predetermined pressure.
�b
.✓ *..
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE is a pressure-actuated valve or
rupture member designed to automatically relieve excessive
pressure.
PRESSURE VESSEL--REFRIGERANT is any refrigerant-con-
taining receptacle which is a portion of a refrigeration system
but shall not include evaporators, headers, or piping.
PUBLIC WAY is any parcel of land, unobstructed from the
ground to the sky, appropriated to the free passage of the
general public.
Q
Sec. 419. No definitions.
R
Sec. 420. RADIANT HEATER is a heater designed to transfer
heat primarily by direct radiation.
READILY ACCESSIBLE means capable of being reached safely
and quickly for operation, repair, or inspection without requiring
those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over, or remove
obstacles, or to resort to the use of portable access equipment.
REFRIGERANT is a substance used to produce refrigeration by
its expansion or vaporization.
REFRIGERATING SYSTEM is a combination of parts in which
a refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting heat.
For refrigerating system ratings one horsepower, one ton, or
12,000 Btu/h shall mean the same quantity.
Absorption. Refrigerating System, also an Absorption System is
a refrigerating system in which the gas evolved in the evaporator
is taken up by an absorber or adsorber.
Mechanical Refrigerating System is one in which the gas
evolved in the evaporator is compressed by mechanical means.
For the purpose of this Code, Absorption or Mechanical
Refrigerating Systems are classified as follows:
Direct Refrigerating System is one in which the refrigerant
evaporator is in direct contact with the material or space to be
refrigerated or is located in air-circulating passages communi-
cating with such spaces.
Indirect Refrigerating System is one in which a fluid cooled by
a refrigerating system is circulated to the material or space to
be refrigerated or is used to cool air so circulated.
REFRIGERATOR is any room or space in which an evaporator
or brine coil is located for the purpose of reducing or controlling
the temperature below 500F.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING is a building or portion thereof
designed or used for human habitation.
RISER HEAT PIPE is any duct which extends at an angle of
more than 45 degrees from the horizontal.
This definition shall not include any boot connection.
ROOM HEATER is a freestandii,g, nonrecessed, environmental
heating appliance installed in the space being heated and not
connected to ducts.
RUPTURE MEMBER is a pressure relief device that operates
by the rupture of a diaphragm within the device.
S ,WA,
Sec. 421. SELF-CONTAINED means having all essential
working parts except energy and control connections so contain-
ed in a case or framework that they do not depend on appliances
or fastenings outside of the machine.
SOLDERED JOINT is a joint obtained by the joining of metal
parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which melt at a tempera-
ture below 8000F. and above 4000F.
STOP VALVE is a device to shut off the flow of refrigerant.
T
Sec.4ZZ. No definitions.
U
Sec. 423. U.B.C. STANDARDS is the 1976 Edition of the
Uniform Building Code Standards published by the international
Conference of Building Officials.
UNIT HEATER is a heating appliance designed for nonresiden-
tial space heating and equipped with an integral means for
circulation of air.
UNIT REFRIGERATION SYSTEM is a refrigerating unit not to
exceed three horsepower rating and which has been factory-
assembled and tested prior to its installation. Such unit shall not
be connected to any duct work. The unit shall be a complete
one-unit package without remote parts.
V
Sec. 424. VENT is a list_ I factory-made vent pipe and vent
fittings for conveying flue gzz.ts to the outside atmosphere.
Type B Gas Vent is a factory-made gas vent listed by a
nationally recognized testing agency for venting listed or
approved appliances equipped to burn only gas.
Type BW Gas Vent is a factory-made gas vent listed by a
nationally recognized testing agency for venting listed or
approved gas-fired vented wall furnaces.
Type L is a venting system consisting of listed vent piping and
fittings for use with oil-burning appliances listed for use with
Type L or with listed gas appliances.
VENT CONNECTOR, GAS, is that portion of a gas venting
system which connects a listed gas appliance to a gas vent.
VENTED DECORATIVE APPLIANCE is a vented appliance
whose only function lies in the esthetic effect of the flames.
VENTED WALL FURNACE is a vented environmental heating
appliance designed for incorporation in, or permanent attach-
ment to, a wall, floor, ceiling or partition, and arranged to
furnish heated air by gravity or by a fan.
This definition shall not include floor furnaces, unit heaters
and room heaters.
VENTILATING CEILING is a suspended ceiling containing
many small apertures through which air, at low pressure, is
forced downward from an overhead plenum dimensioned by the
concealed space between suspended ceiling and the floor or roof
above.
VENTILATION SYSTEM is all of that equipment intended or
installed for the purpose of supplying air to, or removing air
from, any room or space by mechanical means, other than
equipment which is a portion of any environmental heating,
cooling, absorption or evaporative cooling system.
.9 ff
%ow ..o
VENTING COLLAR is the outlet opening of an appliance
provided for connection of the vent system.
VENTING SYSTEM is the vent or chimney and its connectors
assembled to form a continuous open passageway from an
appliance to the outside atmosphere for the purpose of removing
products of combustion. This definition also shall include the
venting assembly which is an integral part of an appliance.
VENTING SYSTEM--GRAVITY TYPE is a system which de-
pends entirely on the heat from the fuel being used to provide
the energy required to vent an appliance.
VENTING SYSTEM--POWER TYPE is a system which depends
on a mechanical device to provide a positive draft within the
venting system.
w
Sec. 425. WALL HEATER. See definition of Vented Wall
Furnace.
WARM-AIR. FURNACE is an environmental heating appliance
designed or arranged to discharge heated air through any duct or
ducts.
This definition shall not include a unit heater.
WATER HEATER is an appliance designed primarily to supply
hot water and is equipped with automatic controls limiting water
temperature to a maximum of Z100F.
WELDED JOINT OR SEAM is any joint or seam obtained by the
joining of metal parts in the plastic or molten state.
PART III *4w
HEATING, VENTILATING, AND COOLING
Chapter 5
EQUIPMENT--GENERAL
NOTE: Tables in Chapter 5 appear at the end of the Chapter.
SCOPE
Sec. 501. The equipment shall conform to the requirements of
this Code.
The equipment shall not be installed or altered in violation of
this Code nor shall the fuel input rate to any such equipment be
increased in excess of the approved Btu/h rating at the altitude
it is being used.
Defective material or parts shall be replaced in such a manner
as not to invalidate any approval.
APPROVAL
Sec. 502. Each appliance shall be approved by the Building
Official for safe use or comply with applicable nationally
recognized standards as determined by an approved testing
agency.
Every installer shall furnish satisfactory evidence that the
appliance installed is constructed in conformity with the require-
ments of this Code. A label of an approved testing agency, which
is attached to the appliance, will be accepted as such evidence.
Clearances of appliances from combustible materials shall be
as set forth in Tables No. 5-A and No. 5-B unless otherwise
specified for listed appliances.
TYPE OF FUEL AND FUEL CONNECTIONS
Sec. 503. (a) General. Each appliance shall be designed for use
with the type of fuel to which it will be connected. Such
appliances shall not be converted from the fuel specified on the
rating plate for use with a different fuel without securing
reapproval from the Building Official and as recommended by the
manufacturer of either the original equipment or the conversion
equipment. The serving gas supplier may convert appliances in
accordance with procedures approved by the Building Official
without securing reapproval of the appliance if properly re-
labeled.
An accessible approved shutoff valve shall be installed in the
fuel piping outside of each appliance and ahead of the union
connection thereto in addition to any valve provided on the
appliance. Such valve shall be within 3 feet of the appliance it
serves. An iron body brass core stopcock will be approved.
EXCEPTIONS: I. Shutoff valves may be accessibly
located inside or under any appliance when such appliance
can be removed without removal of the shutoff valve.
2. Shutoff valves may be accessibly located inside wall
heaters and wall furnaces listed for recessed installation
where necessary maintenance can be performed without
removal of the shutoff valve.
3. When an oil burner is served by a tank any part of
which is above the level of the burner inlet connection and
where the fuel supply line is taken from the top of the
tank, an approved anti-siphon valve of other siphon
breaking device shall be installed in lieu of the shutoff
valve.
...
(b) Oil-burning Appliances. The tank, piping and valves for
appliances burning oil shall be installed in accordance with the
requirements of U.M.C. Standard No. 5-1.
(c) Gas-burning Appliances. All Appliances designed to burn
gas shall be rigidly connected to the gas supply outlet in an
approved manner and with approved materials.
EXCEPTION: An approved listed semirigid or flexible
metal tubing connector may be used to connect a gas
appliance provided:
1. The connector does not exceed 3 feet in length,
except range connectors which may not exceed b feet.
2. An approved shutoff valve is used between the gas
supply outlet and such connector.
3. Connectors shall not be concealed within or run
through any wall, floor or partition.
4. Connectors shall have a nominal diameter not less
than that of the inlet connection to the appliance as
provided by the manufacturer of the appliance, and be of
such size as to provide the total demand of the connected
appliance load based on Table No. 5-D-1 or No. 5-D-2.
(d) Pipe Size. Additional fuel connections may be made to
existing fuel supply lines provided pipe sizes are approved by the
Building Official.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 504. Except as otherwise provided in this Code, the
installation of appliances regulated by this Code shall conform to
the conditions of listing. The appliance installer shall leave the
manufacturer's installation and operating instructions attached
to the appliance.
All appliances designed to be fixed in position shall be securely
fastened in place.
Location of equipment shall comply with the zoning ordinance.
When more than one heating or cooling appliance is installed
on the roof of a building or within the building, it shall be
permanently identified as to the area or space served by the
equipment.
Suspended appliances shall be safely and adequately supported
with due consideration given to their weight. Hangers, brackets
and stands shall be of a non-combustible material.
Fuel fired heating appliances and/or equipment shall not be
installed in any space exhausted by a wind or mechanically driven
exhaust fan. Such space shall not have a negative pressure.
EXCEPTION: Spaces, which contain fuel-fired appli-
ances and/or equipment may have exhaust air systems,
provided the exhaust air system is inoperative when the
fuel-fired appliance and/or equipment is operating or a
makeup air supply fan is providing air for both the exhaust
air system and combustion air.
ACCESS
Sec. 505. Appliances shall be accessible for inspection,
service, repair and replacement without removing permanent
construction.
Unless otherwise specified, not less than 30 inches of working
space and platform shall be provided to service the appliance.
%Mw ...
EXCEPTION: Unit heaters and room heaters may be
installed with an 18-inch minimum working space. A
platform shall not be required for unit heaters or room
heaters.
The operating instructions must be attached to the appliance
where they can be read easily.
Appliances and/or equipment located on a roof or exterior wall
of a building shall comply with the requirements for roof and
wall structures as specified in Chapter 36 of the Building Code
and shall be listed or approved for such use. When the height to
the appliance and/or equipment is above thirty-five feet, access
must be provided as outlined in Section 710 and Section 1202.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL DEVICES
Sec. 506. All heating appliances shall be equipped with a listed
device or devices which will shut off the fuel supply to the main
burner or burners in the event of pilot or ignition failure. In
addition, liquefied petroleum gas-air burning heating appliances
shall be equipped with a listed automatic device or devices which
will shut off the flow of gas to the pilot in the event of ignition
f ailure.
EXCEPTION: The listed shutoff devices shall not be
required on range or cooking tops, log lighters, lights or
other open burner manually operated appliances, or listed
appliances not requiring such devices and specific industrial
appliances as approved by the Building Official.
All heating appliances whose manual fuel controls are not
readily accessible from the main portion of the building being
heated shall be equipped with remote controls.
All forced-air and gravity-type warm-air furnaces shall be
equipped with a listed air outlet temperature limit control which
cannot be set for temperatures higher than 2500F. Such controls
shall be located in the bonnet or plenum, within 2 feet of the
discharge side of the heating element of gravity furnaces, or in
accordance with the conditions of listing.
All electric heating equipment shall be equipped with an
approved automatic reset air outlet temperature limit control
that will limit the outlet air temperature to not more than
2000F. The electric elements of the heater shall be equipped
with fusible links or a manual reset temperature limit control
that will prevent outlet air temperature in excess of 2500F.
LABELING
Sec. 507. (a) Fuel-burning Appliances. Every fuel-burning
heating appliance shall bear a permanent and legible factory
applied nameplate on which shall appear:
1. The manufacturer's name.
Z. The approved fuel input rating of the appliance expressed
in Btu/h.
3. The model and serial number.
4. Instructions for the lighting, operation, and shutdown of the
appliance.
5. The type of fuel approved for use with the appliance.
6. A seal indicating approval of the appliance by an approved
testing agency, if acceptance is based on such approval.
(b) Electric Heating Appliances. Every electric heating
appliance shall bear a permanent and legible factory applied
nameplate on which shall appear:
1. Name or trademark of the manufacturer.
2. The catalog (model) number or equivalent.
3. The electrical rating in volts, amperes (or watts) and, for
other than single phase, the number of phases.
In addition, the appliance shall be permanently and legibly
marked at the factory with:
1. The output rating in Btu/h or Kwh.
2. The electrical rating in volts, amperes, or watts, of each
field replaceable electrical component.
3. A seal indicating approval of the appliance by an approved
testing agency.
4. Required clearances from combustible surfaces on which or
adjacent to which it may be mounted.
And, it shall be accompanied by clear and complete installa-
tion instructions, including required clearances from com-
bustibles other than mounting or adjacent surfaces, and tempera-
ture rating of field installed wiring connections if over 600C.
LOCATION
Sec. 508. Appliances installed in garages, warehouses or other
areas where they may be subjected to mechanical damage shall
be suitable guarded against such damage by being installed
behind protective barriers or by being elevated or located out of
the normal path of vehicles.
Heating and cooling equipment located in a garage and which
generates a glow, spark or flame capable of igniting flammable
vapors shall be installed with the pilots and burners or heating
elements and switches at least 18 inches above the floor level.
Where such appliances installed within a garage are enclosed in
a separate, approved compartment having access only from
outside of the garage such appliances may be installed at floor
level provided the required combustion air is taken from and
discharged to the exterior of the garage.
Heating equipment located in rooms where cellulose nitrate
plastic is stored or processed shall comply with U.B.C. Standard
No. 48-2.
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
Sec. 509. Equipment regulated by this Code, requiring
electrical connections of more than 50 volts, shall have a
positive means of disconnect adjacent to and in sight from the
equipment served. A 120-volt receptacle shall be located within
25 feet of the equipment for service and maintenance purposes.
Low voltage wiring of 50 volts or less, within a structure, shall
be installed in a manner to prevent physical damage. Such
wiring, exposed to weather, shall be installed in conduit approved
for exterior use.
INDIRECT WASTE CONNECTIONS
Sec. 510. (a) Condensate Waste. All drain piping carrying
condensate shall be of nonferrous metal. Condensate drains shall
discharge into a sanitary sewer by means of an approved
plumbing fixture with an open sight air gap. Condensate drains
shall have a minimum fall of 1/8 inch per foot, in the direction of
flow. The condensate drain piping size shall be a minimum of
3/4" I.D. and not smaller than the appliance drain outlet or size
required by Table 5. Condensate or waste water shall not drain
over a public way.
... '"W
Condensate drain pipes shall be permanently supported, not
more than 10 feet on centers, maintaining minimum fall.
Supports must be of a permanent material extending 4" on each
side of the drain pipe.
The support, when on a roof shall be built to height with the
pipe secured to the support with galvanized iron straps and
screws.
EXCEPTION: 1. Piping from a condensate pump shall be
not smaller than the same size of the pump discharge.
EXCEPTION: 2. Cooling unit condensate drains may
discharge into a roof drain provided the roof drain connects
directly into a storm sewer.
EXCEPTION: 3. Air conditioning units up to and
including a capacity of 7% tons may, when sanitary sewer
connections are inaccessible and approved by the Building
Official, discharge their condensate drainage into an
approved disposal area.
EXCEPTION: 4. Drain lines, other than condensate
drains, may be ferrous or nonferrous metal and not less
than the unit drain outlet in size.
EXCEPTION: 5. Piping for drain lines from Group II
refrigeration may be of ferrous metal.
(b) Approved Disposal Area. An approved disposal area may
be a French sump having a minimum dimension of 2'x2'xl%' deep,
a minimum distance of 3 feet from a foundation, filled with
small crushed rock or washed gravel to within 6" of the top and
covered with dirt and turf to a depth of not less than 6". The
condensate pipe shall terminate into an approved non-metalic,
bottomless container having perforated side walls.
(c) Vacuum Breaker. Condensate drains from draw through
cooling units shall have an open pipe vacuum breaker in the pipe
connection at the unit.
(d) Drainpipe Length. The overall developed horizontal length
of a piping system collecting condensate drains shall not exceed
200' in length. Piping shall be sized in accordance with Table 5
on the basis of the nominal total tonnage of the units connected
thereto.
TABLE 5
Minimum
Total Horizontal
Tonnage Drain Size
0 - 10 3/4"
11 - 20 1"
21 - 40 134"
41 - 60 134"
61 - 110 2"
Ill - Up 3"
This table is based on smooth pipe, Fig.
14 flow chart, ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS
1972
(e) Emergency Overflow. An emergency overflow from a
condensate collector or an additional water tight pan of
corrosion resistant metal shall be installed in connection with a
cooling coil which is located above an occupied space.
The overflow condensate shall be discharged at a point which
can be readily observed by the occupant. Emergency overflow
outlet and piping shall be the size of the condensate drain and
may be uninsulated.
EXCEPTION: Equipment in a room with a waterproof
floor having a floor drain, need not have an emergency
overf low.
(f) Condensate Drainpipe Insulation. All condensate drain
lines located above a ceiling, in stud spaces, furnace enclosures
or any other spaces where condensed moisture from a drain line
could cause damage, shall be insulated in accordance with
Section 2502. (c).
(g) Equipment Drains. Drains from equipment discharging
unpolluted water, such as boiler blow-off, cooling tower overflow
or drainage, processing system or other systems, which require
periodic or continuous draining as a means of disposing liquid
wastes, shall not be discharged into sanitary sewers if a closed
storm sewer or an approved disposal area is available and if such
discharge is permitted by the Fort Worth Water Pollution Code.
A settling basin, oil skimming or solids removal equipment or a
waste treatment plant, will constitute an approved area provided
the effluent qualifies as unpolluted water or waste as defined in
the Fort Worth Water Pollution Code.
(h) Humidifier Drains. Drains from humidifiers shall discharge
into a sanitary sewer. Piping materials may be ferrous or non-
ferrous. Where humidifier discharges into a condensate drain
pipe, it must not decrease the pipe size or create a potential
overflow.
TABLE NO.S-A—STANDARD INSTALLATION CLEARANCES FOR HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES'
(In Inches)
These standard clearances apply unless otherwise shown on listed appliances,in which case the listed clearance takes
precedence.Appliances should not be installed in alcoves or closets unless so listed.For Installation on combustible floors'
APPLIANCE
FROM TOP
RESIDENTIAL TYPE APPLIANCES FOR INSTALLATION IN ROOMS WHICH ARE IAR AND SIDES
CE� ABOVE OF WARM-
TOP OF AIR
_-__.-._—�CASINC Oq BONNET OR FROM .0M PROM
I FOEL APPLIANCE PLENUM FRONT- BACK SIDES
BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS f 24� 6 6
Steam Boilers—15 psi Comb,-Automatic Oil or
Water Boilers—250°F. A C as Oil _
lutomahc Cos 6 --- --- - t8 8 6
Water Heaters—200°F'. -- --}— --All Water Walled or Jacketed Solid 6� 48 6 6
Automatic Oil or 6.-. 65 - -24 6 6
FURNACES—CENTRAL Comb.Gas-Oil
Gravity,Upflow,Downflnw,Horizontal and Do,I ,0.utomahc Cas
NVarm-Air—250°F.Max. Sale i- 186
we
-48 18 18
Electric ! 6 - 6 18 8 i 8
�Comb.ahc Oilo —
FURNACES—FLOOR 36 � 12 I 12 12
For Mounting in Combustible Floors Comb:C is Oil_
4utomatu C.as 36 t I2 12 12
HEAT EXCHANGER
Steam—I5 psi Max. 1 1 t 1 1
Hot Water-250'F.Max.
ROOM HEATERS --___-- Oil or Solid3(i d_-� 12 12
Circulating type—Vented or Un,ented C Is---- 16 -i— 24 12
oil or Solid 1 :16_ � 138 38 36-
(,Ls I :3fi 36 18 18
Radiant or Other Type ?%�s with doable
Vented or Uuvented metal or verlmi, -',. .36 36 I 12 j 18
hock
."+-aa+INtia++�+taR
APPLIANCE
FROM TOP
AND SIDES
RESIDENTIAL TYPE APPLIANCES FOR INSTALLATION IN ROOMS WHICH ARE LARGE' ABOVE DF WARM.
TOP OF AIR
CASING OR BONNET OR FROM FROM FROM
FUEL APPLIANCE PLENUM FNONT' BACK SIDES
RADIATORS 8 6 6
Sicam n Ifor Wat,-,
Fill.E apt
p.
Side Siti
Uil 30 0 24 18,
(;.I, all 8
RANGES—COOKING STOVES sole ('1., 10 ),1 24 IN
Vc•ntrd or Ul e0ed I`upot
tinli< 30 36 36 18
Ihllinctl I�iu Int
Iarchic 30 6 6
CLOTHES DRYERS Ga.s 6 34 6 6
Listed Tvp(., I•aectl i� 6 It 0 0
INCINERATORS 36' 48 36 36
Domcstis'I"pe,
APPLIANCE
COMMERCIAL INDUSTAIAL TYPE LOW-NEAT APPLIANCES 7�Afl.G.�.,
SIDE!
ANY AND Alt PHYSICAL SIZES EXCEPT AS NOTED WARM
AIR
NET OR FROM FROM FROM
FUEL ENUM FRONT BACK, SIDES'
BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS
100 cu.ft.or less \ill'lu•Is 18 18 18 18
Any psi Steam
50 psi orless All Fuels 18 48 IS 18
Any Size
C.Rtltllur 1)
x.. ..►
TABLE NO.S-A—STANDARD INSTALLATION CLEARANCES FOR HEAT PRODUCING APPLIANCES'(Continued)
APPLIANCE
FROM TOO
RESIDENTIAL TYPE APPLIANCES rot INSTALLATION IN ROOMS WNICN ARE LARGE, ABOVE AND SIDES
Or WARM.
Top
Or AIR
CASING COR BONNET ON FROM FROM FROM
APPLIANE PLENUM FRONTS BACK SIDES
UNIT HEATERS Steam or Hot i I 1
Floor Mounted or Suspended—Any Sri(. Lister
Suspended—100 cu.ft.or less Oil or Comb. 6 24 18 18
Gas-Oil
Suspended—100 of.ft.or less Cas 6 18 18 18
Suspended—Over 100 cu,ft. All Fuels 18 48 18 18
Floor Mounted—Any Size All Fuels 18 48 18 18
RANGES—RESTAURANT TYPE .All Fuels 48 48 18 18
Floor Mounted
OTHER LOW-HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES All Fuels 18 IS 48 IS 18
Floor Mounted or Suspended
APPLIANCE
AND SIDES
COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL TYPE MEDIUM-HEAT APPLIANCES ABOVE OF WARM.
TOP or AIR
CASING OR BONNET OR FROM FROM FROM
fUEI 1.11LIA.11-1 111!NUM FRONT BACK,- SIOts�-
BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS
Over 50 psi All Fuels 48 96 36 36
Over 100 cu.ft.
OTHER MED. HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES All Sizes All Fuels 48 38 96 38 38
INCINERATORS All Sizes qg 96 36 38
INDUSTRIAL TYPE NIGH-NEAT APPLIANCES
HIGH-HEAT INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES All Sizes All Fuels 180 $60 1 120 120
FOOL NOTES TO TABLC NO.5-A
'When appliances are installed in large rooms these standard clearances may he reduced by atfording protection to combustible material in accordance
with Table No.5-B.See Footnote 3 below.
'An appliance may be mounted on a combustible floor if the appliance is listed for insia1ation on a combustible Boor,or if the floor is protected
in an approved manner.
'Rooms which are large in comparison to the size of the appliance are those having a volume equal to at least 12 unies the total volume of a furnace
and at least 16 times the total volume of a boiler.If the actual ceiling height of a room is greater than 8 feet,the volume of a room shall be figured
on the basis of a ceiling height of 8 feet.
'The minimum dimension should be that necessary for servicing the appliance including access for cleaning and normal care,tube removal,etc.
'For a listed oil,combination gas-oil,gas,or electric furnace this dimension may be 2 inahrs if the furnace limit control cannot be set higher than
250'F.,or this dimension may be I inch it the limit control cannot be set higher than 200'F.,or the appliance shall be marked to indicate that
the outlet air temperature cannot exceed 200'F.
•The dimension may be 6 inches for an automatically stoker fired forced,.arm-air furnace equipped with 250'F,limit control and with barometric
draft control operated by draft intensity and permanently set to limit draft to a maximum"'lengit,
aximumintensity of 0.13-inch»ester gage.
'To combustible material or metal cabinets.If the underside of such combustible material or metal cabinet is protected with asbestos miilboard at
least'/s inch thick covered with sheet metal of not less than No.28 gage,the distance may he no[less than 24 inches.
'Clearance above charging door should be not less than 48 inches.
'If the appliance is encased in brick,the 18 inch clearance above and at sides and rear may be reduced to not less than 12 inches.
°If the appliance is encased in brick,the clearance above may be not less than 36 inches and at.sides and rear may be not less than 18 inches.
"Steampipes and hot-water heating pipes shall be installed with a clearance of at least 1 inch to all combustible construction or material,except that
at the points where pipes carrying steam or hot water at not over 15 pounds gage pressure emerge from a floor,wall,or ceiling the clearance at the
opening through the finish floor boards or wall ceiling boards may be reduced to nor less than!h inch.Each such opening shall be covered with a
plate of noncombustible material.
Such pipes passing through stock shelving shall be covered with not less than I inch of approved insulation.
Wood boxes or casings enclosing uninsulated steam-or hot-water heating pipes,are placed,shall be lined with metal or asbestos mllboard. rn recesses or wooden cers to in walls in which such uninsulaled pipes
Where the temperature of the boiler piping does not exceed 1607.,the provisions of this Tahle shall not apply.
Coverings or insulation used on steam-or hot-water pipes shall be of material suitable for the operating temperature of the system.The insulation or
jackets shall t s al noncombustible material.,or the insulation or jackets and lap-seal adhesocs shall he rested as 9 composite product.Such com-
posite product shall have a flame spread o(not more than 25 when tested in accordance with U B.C.Standard No.42-1.
... \.►
TABLE NO.S-B—CLEARANCES,INCHES,WITH SPECIFIED FORMS OF PROTECTION'
(Reduction in clearances is prohibited for appliances installed in closets or alcoves.
(See Table No.5-A,Footnotes 1 and 3.))
TYPE Or PROTECTION WHERE THE STANDARD CLEARANCE IN TABLE No.5-A WITH NO PROTECTION IS:
Applied to the Combustible Material Unless OB Inches 18 Inches 12 Inches 9 inches a Inches
Otherwise speeifed and Covering All surfaces
Within the Distance specified as the Required Chimney Chimney Cnimn.y Chi "IT
Clearance With No Protection
Sides or VenC Sitles orimi Sides or Vant Sides or Vent
A
Can- and Con. and Con- and Con-
(Thicknesses Are Minimum) May. Rea, nectar Above Resr nectar !Above Rear nectar Above Rear nectar
(a) Y" asbestos millboard spaced
out 1"2...... 30 18 3o 15 9 12 9 (1 6 3 2 5
(h) No. 28 Nl Tnuf achuers S au-
lard gage ste l sheet on 'a'
asbestos millboard____ _. 24 18 24 12 9 12 9 6 4 3 2 2
(c) No. 28 Manufacturers' Stan-
dard gage steel sheet ,paced
ant 1"' _ _.__. .. fi.._..... j 18 12 18 9 9 6 4 4 2 2 _
(d) No. 28 ManniaTcturer, Stan-
dard gage steel sheet on i as-
bestos millboard spaced out 1"2' 18 12 18 9 6 9 (i -1 4 1 2 2 2
(e) 11/i" asbestos cement covering
m heating appliance.................. 18 12 36 9 (i 18 6 4 9 2 I 6
(f) y!." asbestos md1board on 1"
mineral fiber bats reinforced
with wire mesh or equivalent.. 18 12 18 _ 6 ` 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2
(g) No. 22 Vfannf.acturcis' Stan-
dard gage steel sheet on 1'
mineral fiber bats reinforced
with sviro or cquivalcnt.._- ..... 18 12 12 4• 3 3 2 j 2 2 2 12 2
(h) ire" asbestos cement board or
14"asbestos millboard.............. 36 36 I 36 18 18 18 12 12 9 4 4 4
(f) '/a"cellular asbestos..._........._.. 36 36 36 18 18 18 12 12 I 9 3 3 3
'Except for the protection described in tc9,all clearances should be measured f. ni the omor,n lace,d tli^appliance to the combustible material
disregarding any intervening protection applied tothe eomhu so hie mat cri al.
'Spacers shall he of noncombustible material.
Extent of Protection Required to Reduce Clearances From
Appliance,Chimney,or Vent Connectors.
Construction Using Combustible Material, Sheet Metoi
Plostered or Unpiostered or other
Protection
C\I .'�C
Applionce or
6A —.—Czhimney
or Vent Connector '
Figure No.1
A—equals the required clearance with no protection set forth
in Tables No. 5-A and No. 5-C and in the sections applying to
various types of appliances.
B—equals the reduced clearance permitted in accordance with
Table No.5-11. The protection applied to the construction using
combustible material shall extend far enough in each direction
to make C equal to A.
law ...
TABLE NO.5-C—CHIMNEY CONNECTOR AND VENT CONNECTOR
CLEARANCES FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
MINIMUM MINIMUM
CLEARANCE CLEARANCE
DESCRIPTION OF APPLIANCE INCHES' DESCRIPTION OF APPLIANCE INCHES'
Oil Appliances Listed as Suitable for Use with
RESIDENTIAL TYPE APPLIANCES Type L Venting Systems s
Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors fisted Cas Appliances with Draft Hoods
Gas Appliances without Draft Hoods 18 Type B Gas Vent Piping Connectors
Electric,Gas,and Oil Incinerators 18 Listed Gas Appliances with Draft Hoods 4
Oil and Solid-Fuel Appliances 18
Unlisted Ca Appliances with Draft Hoods 9 COMMERCIAL-INDUSTRIAL TYPE APPLIANCES
Boilers and Furnaces Equipped with Listed Gas
Burners and with Draft Hoods 92 Low-Heat Appliances
Oil Appliances Listed as Suitable for Use with Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors
Type L Venting Systems(but only when con- Gas, Oil, and Solid-Fuel Boilers, Furnaces and
nected to chimneys) 9 Water Heaters 18
Listed Gas Appliances with Draft liood.' 8 Ranges,Restaurant Type 18
Type L Venting System Piping Connectors Oil Unit Heaters 18
t H
Gas Appliances without Draft Hoods 9 L.isted Gas Unit tHeaters eaters 18
Draft Hoods 1a
Electric,Gas,and Oil Incinerators 9 Other Low-Heat Industrial Appliances 18
Oil and Solid-Fuel Appliances 9
Unlisted Gas Appliances with Draft floods 6 Medium-Heat Appliances
Boilers and Furnaces Equipped with Listed Gas
Burners and with Draft Hoods B Single-Wall Metal Pipe Connectors
All Gas,Oil,and Solid-Fuel Appliances 36
'These clearances apply except if the listing of an appliance specifies
different clearance,in which case the listed clearance take.,precedence. 'I t listed I}pc H or Type I.venting system piping is used,the clearance
'The dimension may be 6 inches provided the maximum Iluc tempeta ntny bc in accordance with the venting system listing.
tures entering the draft hood do not exceed 550°F. The clearances from connectors to combustible materials may he
'If listed Type L venting system piping is used,the clearance may he reduced it Inc ntmbuxtible material is protected in accordance with
in accordance with the venting system toting. 1 ahle No.5.1f
TABLE NO.5-D-1—CAPACITIES OF LISTED METAL APPLIANCE
CONNECTORS'
For use with gas pressures 8 Inches or more
water column
Sem4Rigid Flexible Maximum Cspachles
Connector Connector In Thousands atWh(Ba►ed on pees....drop
D D, Nominal of 0.4 inch watercotumn)
I-DJ Net.Dap'of 1100 BIWcu it
(Inch) (Inch) 1' 1W 2' 2M' 3' 4 S 6
All Gas Appliances I Ranges Onty
41) 33 19 1 7 25
tit 4i, 93 76 fili 62 58
),a 1/2 189 15.5 1.34 125 116 101 10 8U
3'i 4(4 33o 287 226 244
1 8(13 661 573 5.34 500
'Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies including the fittings
and valves.Capacities shown are based on the use of fittings and valves supplied with the
connector.
'Outside diameter.
'Internal diameter.
'For liquefied petroleum gas use 1.6 times the natural gas capacities shown.
TABLE NO.5-D-2—CAPACITIES OF LISTED METAL APPLIANCE CONNECTORS'
(For use with gas pressures less than 8-inch water column)
SO i•Rlefit Flaxlbles Capacities for Various Length.in Thousands Bush
Comecicr Connector (Based on Pressure Drop of 0.2 inch water Column Natural ou'of tt00 81ulcu ft)
D.D.' Nominallm.'
I toot isr loos 2foet It'tisst 3loot 4foot 5foot 6fact
All Gas Appluncas Ranges Only
I/4 ?8 21 26 11) IT
'N11 66 54 47 44 41
/21, 1:34 110 88 82 72 6:3 57
28.3 23:1 2t12 188 174
1" 567 467 405 :378 35;
'Gas connectors are certified by the testing agency as complete assemblies including the fittings and valves.Capacities shown are based on the use of finings
and valves supplied with flit connector.
'Semi-rigid connector listings are based on outside diameter.
'Flexible connector listings are based on nominal diameter.
'For liquefied petroleum gas use 1.6 times the natural gas capacities shown.
.r .r
CHAPTER 6
COMBUSTION AIR
GENERAL
Sec. 601. (a) Air Supply. All fuel-burning equipment shall be
assured a sufficient supply of air for proper fuel combustion,
ventilation of the furnace room, and draft hood dilution, taken
from outside the structure or from interior spaces of the
required volume or a combination of both.
The method of providing combustion air in this Chapter shall
not apply to direct vent appliances, enclosed furnaces, listed
cooking appliances, refrigerators and domestic clothes dryers.
(b) Space Required. If the volume, in cubic feet, of the room
or space in which a fuel-burning appliance or appliances are
installed is less than one twentieth of the maximum input rate in
Btu/h of all such appliances, provision shall be made to supply
the deficiency in combustion and ventilating air for all fuel-
burning appliances in such room. This space must be separated
from circulating air. (See Sec. 706.)
EXCEPTION: Cnstruction of unusually tight mating,
with all joints sealed and weather stripped, shall be
governed by the provisions of Sec. 603 regardless of
volume.
(c) insufficient Space--Solid Fuel. Rooms or spaces that do
not have the volume as specified in subsection (b) of this Section
in which an appliance or appliances arranged to burn solid fuel
are installed shall be provided with minimum unobstructed
combustion air openings equal to 2 square inches for each 1,000
Btu/h input of such appliances, with a minimum total free area
of 200 square inches.
(d) Insufficient Space--Gas and Liquid. Except as otherwise
provided for in this Chapter, rooms or spaces that do not have
the volume as specified in subsection (b) of this Section in which
a gas or liquid fuel burning appliance or appliances are installed
shall be provided with minimum unobstructed combustion air
openings equal to that set forth in Table No. 6-A and in Section
603 of this Code.
Where the floor area of the appliance compartment is less than
twice the floor area of the appliances therein, the minimum total
free area shall be not less than 200 square inches.
Where the floor area of the appliance compartment is more
than twice the floor area of the appliances therein, the minimum
total free area shall be not less than 100 square inches.
(e) Existing Buildings. Where a fuel-burning appliance is
installed in a room or space of an existing building containing any
other fuel burning equipment, such room or space shall be
provided with a sufficient supply of combustion air for all fuel-
burning equipment contained therein.
EXCEPTION: Combustion air supply for gas-burning
equipment having a total input rating in excess of 800,000
Btu/h may be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering principles when approved by the Building
Official.
(Sec. 602. delete)
COMBUSTION AIR OPENINGS
Sec. 603. (a) Air from Outside. Required combustion air
obtained from outside the building shall be supplied as follows:
s +
1.Through a permanent opening or openings of the required
free area and opening directly to the outside of the
building through the floor, roof, or walls of the appliance
enclosure; or,
2.Through a continuous duct or ducts of the required cross-
sectional area extending from the appliance enclosure to
the outside of the building.
EXCEPTION: Where not otherwise prohibited the com-
bustion air supply may be obtained from an attic area
provided:
The attic has not less than 30 inches vertical clear height
at its maximum point.
Attic ventilation openings are sufficient to provide the
required volume of combustion air plus any exhaust
ventilation. The Building Official approval is required for
eave overhang or porch ceiling attic ventilation.
The combustion air opening is providedvith a galvanized
steel sleeve of not less than No. 26 gage or an approved
curb extending from the appliance enclosure to at least 6
inches above the top of the ceiling joists. The upper
opening of such sleeve shall be screened.
3.Combustion air for forced air fuel-fired furnaces, within
an enclosure, shall have a permanent positive separation
from the circulating air. (See Sec. 706.)
(b) Under-floor Supply. Combustion air supply may be
obtained from under-floor areas conforming to the following
requirements:
1.Areas having unobstructed openings to outside the
building equivalent to at least twice the required
combustion air opening into such under-floor space.
2.The height of such under-floor space shall comply with
the requirements of the Building Code for ventilation
under the floor and be of sufficient clearance to provide
combustion air.
(c) Prohibited Sources. Combustion air supply shall not be
obtained from any hazardous location or from any area in which
objectionable quantities of flammable vapor, lint or dust are
given off. Combustion air shall not be taken from a machinery
room. (See Sec. 1509.)
(d) Dampers. Combustion air openings or ducts shall not be
located in such a manner as to pass through construction where
fire dampers are required. Volume dampers shall not be installed
in combustion air openings or ducts.
(e) Screen. Every combustion air opening shall be covered
with corrosion-resistant screen of %-inch mesh.
(f) Interior Spaces. Combustion air may be obtained from
interior spaces when such spaces meet the area requirements of
Sec. 601. (b) and the separation requirements of Sec. 603. (a) 3.,
also when outside air is induced into the circulating air system
then exhausted to such space or a combination of both.
(g) Ventilation. Adequate ventilation air for fuel-burning
applicance enclosures shall be provided in the upper part of the
furnace room to prevent excessive heat within the enclosures.
The means for ventilation shall not cause less than atmospheric
pressure in the appliance room.
(h) Free Area Openings of Grills and Louvers. In calculating
free area opening of grills and louvers covering combustion air
inlets, consideration shall be given to the blocking effect of
louvers, grills or other opening protection. Screens used shall not
be smaller than Y4-inch mesh and shall be readily accessible for
cleaning. If the free area opening through a design of louver or
grill is known, it should be used in calculating the size of opening
required to provide the free area specified. If the design and
free area are not known, it shall be assumed that wood louvers
will have ZO percent free area opening and metal louvers and
grills will have 70 percent free area opening. This area shall be
protected by minimum 3:-inch mesh screen.
COMBUSTION AIR DUCTS
Sec. 604. Every combustion air supply duct required by this
Part shall:
(a) Be of galvanized steel complying with Chapter 10 or
equivalent corrosion-resistant material approved for this use.
EXCEPTION: In Group R, Division 3 Occupancies,
unobstructed stud and joist spaces may be used provided
not more than one required firestop is removed.
(b) Have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 3 inches.
(c) Terminate in a space not less than 6 inches in depth in
front of, or open to, the front or firebox side of the appliance.
Every such space shall extend from the floor to the ceiling of the
appliance enclosure.
TABLE NO.6&A—COMBUSTION AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR
FUEL-BURNING EQUIPMENT,'
MINIMUM TOTAL FREE AREA MINIMUM TOTAL FREE AREA
OF DUCTS OR OPENINGS. OF DUCTS OR OPENINGS,
WHERE FL002 AREA OF I WHERE FLOOR AREA OF
COMPARTMENT IS LESS COMPARTMENT IS MORE
THAN TWICE THE FLOOR THAN TWICE THE FLOOR
AREA OF THE APPLIANCES I AREA OF THE APPLIANCES
INPUT THEREIN THEREIN
0 through 2 sq in for each I(xx) --1 q.in.for each 10(K)
Nx),(x)() Btu/h Btu/h Btu/h
lax) sq. in. plus 2 5(x)sq.in.plus 1 sq.
50QO(x)through sq. in. for each 151x) in. for each 1500
1,000,(xx)Btu/h I Btu/h over 500,(KK) Btu/h over 5(X),O(X)
Bluth Btu/h
1666 Sq. in. plus 2 833 sq.in,plus 1 sq.
Qyer 1,0(x),(xM) sq.in. for each 2(xx) in. for each 2000
Btu/h Btu/h over 1,000,(Xx) I Btu/h over 1,(x)Q()(x)
Btu/h Btu/h
SPECIAL CONDITIONS CREATED BY MECHANICAL EX-
HAUSTING
Sec. 605. (a) Exhaust from Appliance Area. Operation of
exhaust fans, ventilation systems, and clothes dryers shall be
considered in determining combustion air requirements to avoid
unsatisfactory operation of installed appliances.
(b) Negative Pressure Area. A fuel fired appliance shall not
be installed in an enclosure that is subject to a negative pressure
by any cause.
(c) Separation. Every fuel-fired heating appliance installed in
a space exhausted by a wind or power-driven type of exhaust fan
shall be separated from such space by an air-tight enclosure. All
air requirements from outside the structure shall be introduced
into such an enclosure by means of an air-tight duct, in
accordance with Table No. 6-A.
(d) Introduced Outside Air. Spaces which have fans or
openings introducing outside fresh air into such space, in equal or
greater amounts than the air exhausted plus required combustion
air need not be separated by an air-tight enclosure.
(e) Power Exhausters. Power-driven exhausters may be used
for ventilation in such a negative pressure space, provided power
exhausters are electrically interlocked in such a manner that the
gas appliance and the exhauster cannot both operate at the same
time.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF FUEL-FIRED WARM AIR FURNACES
Sec. 606. (a) Gravity Type. Gravity-type warm-air furnaces
shall be provided with combustion air supply specified in Sections
601, 603, or 604 of this Code, except that the combustion and
circulating air for any such furnace may be obtained from the
same area. (See section 706.)
EXCEPTION: For "R" occupancy combustion air may be
obtained from interior space which has the area required by
Sec. 601. (b).
(b) Direct Fired Heater. When the heater is located outside of
the structure to be heated, combustion air and circulation may
be taken directly from outdoors through a screened opening,
having'/a-inch mesh covering the rear of the heater.
Direct fired heaters located inside the structure shall receive
combustion and circulating air through a properly sized, louvered
and screened inlet air supply duct, directly connected to outside
air.
EXCEPTION: Direct fired heaters, blanketing loading
doors and controlled by door switches, may use inside air
for combustion.
Properly sized and located exhaust outlets for direct fired
heaters shall be provided in all direct fired heater installations.
See Sec. 1904 for further requirements.
(c) Commercial Incinerators. When incinerators are located
inside of any occupancy, a free area opening having a minimum
of 1 square inch per 2000 Btu/h of burner input rating shall be
provided as a minimum. See Chapter 18 for further require-
ments.
(d) Radiant or Infra-red Heaters. Combustion and ventilation
air openings for unvented radiant heaters shall have a minimum
of 2 square inches of free area per 1000 Btu/h of fuel input to
the appliance. See Sec. 807.(c) and 1906 for further require-
ments.
(e) Vented Radiant Heaters. These heaters shall have outside
air inlets for combustion air furnished in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions, but in no case shall there be less
than 1 square inch of free area opening per 1000 Btufh of fuel
input to the appliance.
(f) Combustion Air Supply for Oil-Burning Equipment. Oil-
burning equipment shall be supplied with not less than 2 square
inches of combustion air free opening per 1000 Btufh input, or
may be based on 14 cubic feet per hour of outside air per 1000
Btu/h input. The 14 cubic feet per hour does not include dilution
or ventilation air and these shall be included in calculating the
total air requirements.
.. ..r
CHAPTER 7
HEATING SYSTEMS
SCOPE
Sec. 701. Provisions of this Chapter apply to warm-air furnace
and heating systems. In addition to the general requirements of
Chapter 5, every warm-air furnace and heating system shall be
installed to conform to the requirements of this Chapter.
GENERAL
Sec. 70Z. Every room or space in which a fuel-burning warm-
air furnace is installed shall be provided with combustion air as
specified in Chapter b.
Every fuel-burning warm-air furnace shall be vented as
specified in Chapter 9.
All air ducts and plenums which are a portion of a heating
system shall comply with Chapter 10 of this Code.
Heating systems shall be installed so as to minimize the
probability of damage from an external source.
ACCESS
Sec. 703. Every furnace room shall have an opening or door
and passageway thereto not less than Z feet in width and large
enough to permit removal of the largest furnace in such room.
The furnace shall be installed so as to permit its removal without
disturbing the piping or conduit and appurtenant valves or
junction boxes.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Where the furnace room is large
enough to permit dismantling within the room of any
furnace therein, such access opening and passageway shall
be large enough to permit removal of the largest piece of
furnace. This Exception shall not be construed to waive
the requirements of a minimum door and passageway of 2
feet.
2. Access to warm-air furnaces installed in under-floor
spaces shall comply with Section 709.
3. Access to warm-air furnaces installed in an attic or
furred space shall comply with Section 708.
4. Access to warm-air furnaces installed on a roof or on
an outside wall structure shall comply with Section 710.
5. In existing residential construction, an existing fur-
nace room may be used for a replacement furnace,
providing the door is not smaller than eighteen (18) inches
in width. The Building Official may authorize the removal
of the door casing.
An unobstructed working space not less than 30 inches in
depth, and the height of the furnace shall be provided along the
entire front or firebox side of every warm-air furnace when the
door of the furnace enclosure is open.
EXCEPTION: The height of the working space in front
of any furnace may be not less than 30 inches.
Every warm-air furnace air filter, fuel control valve, vent
collar and externally mounted control shall be accessible for
maintenance, repair and replacement.
LOCATION
Sec. 704. Warm-air furnaces shall not be installed as follows:
1. In any room or space less than 12 inches wider than the
furnace or furnaces installed therein with a minimum clear
working space of not less than 3 inches along the sides, back and
top of the furnace. (See also Section M.)
EXCEPTION: Furnaces listed for less clearance may be
installed according to their listing.
2. In any hazardous location.
3. In any surgical operating room or medical treatment room.
4. Under any stairway.
5. In a Group A, B, E or I Occupancy, unless separated from
the rest of the building by not less than One-hour Fire-resistive
Occupancy Separation.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Boilers or central heating plants
where the largest piece of fuel equipment does not exceed
400,000 Btu/h input.
2. Buildings not more than one story in height of Group
B, Division 2 Occupancies with an occupant load of less
than 30.
3. Equipment installed on the roof of a building.
b. In any Group H Occupancy unless separated from such
occupancy by not less than a Two-hour Fire-resistive Occupancy
Separation. In Group H, Divisions 1 and 2 Occupancies, there
shall be no openings in such separations except for necessary
ducts and piping.
7. In Group R, Division 1 Occupancies, unless separated from
such occupancy by not less than a One-hour Fire-resistive
Occupancy Separation.
EXCEPTION: A separation shall not be required for such
equipment serving only one dwelling unit.
8. In any room used, or designed to be used, as a bedroom,
bathroom, closet or in any confined space with access only
through such room or space. The access to any furnace located
in an attic or under-floor crawl space may be through a closet.
EXCEPTION: Direct vent appliances, enclosed furnaces,
and electric heating appliances.
9• Outside of a building unless completely enclosed in a
weatherproof housing. This housing when constructed of metal
shall be of No. 24 gage galvanized sheet steel or 22 B & S gage
aluminum supported on a substantial metal frame. The housing
shall be not larger than necessary to properly cover and provide a
minimum 6-inch clearance around the furnace or furnaces
enclosed therein, including all controls and draft diverters.
EXCEPTION: Furnaces listed for outdoor installation
need not be enclosed.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 705. A furnace shall not be located on the discharge side
of any refrigerant evaporator or other air cooling coil unless such
furnace is specifically listed for such use. See Section 1905 for a
duct furnace.
A furnace shall not be located on the discharge side of an
evaporative cooler unless the heat exchanger is of approved
corrosion resistant material.
A refrigerant evaporator or other air cooling coil may be
installed in the air discharge duct of a heating furnace if such
furnace is listed for use with an air cooling coil or is listed for
operation at not less than 0.5-inch water column static pressure
and is in conformance with Part IV of this Code. Conversion of
existing furnaces for use with cooling coils is permissible if
authorized by the manufacturer and approved by the Building
Official.
Every furnace supported from the ground shall rest on a
concrete slab extending not less than 3 inches above the
adjoining ground level.
CIRCULATING AIR
Sec. 706. (a) Source. Circulating air shall be taken from
outside the building and/or the conditioned area.
Every heating system regulated by this Code, and designed to
replace required ventilation, shall be arranged to discharge into
the conditioned space not less than the amount of outside air
specified in the Building Code.
Tables. For Outside Air see Table #1ZA and 12B, reproduced
from the Building Code, for outside air requirements.
(b) Duct System. Circulating air for any blower-type heating
system shall be conducted through ducts complying with Chapter
10.
Corridors shall not be designed or used as an integral part of a
duct system when the corridor serves an occupant load of 30 or
more.
EXCEPTIONS: I. One-story buildings housing Group B,
Division Z Occupancies.
Z. Corridors more than 30 feet in width where
occupancies served by such corridors have at least one exit
independent from the corridor.
(c) Separation. Except as provided by this Section, there shall
be a permanent positive separation between any combustion air
and the circulating air for any blower type heating system.
Every combustion chamber opening shall be separated from
any fan plenum by an airtight separation without openings
therein, except through an air lock not less than 16 square feet in
area, equipped with tight-fitting doors arranged to close auto-
matically.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to a fan plenum access
opening which does not exceed 24 inches by 30 inches (720
square inches) if the opening is equipped with a tight-
fitting panel or door.
(d) Air Requirements. The minimum unobstructed total area
of the circulating air openings or ducts to a gravity-type warm-
air furnace shall be not less than 7 square inches for each 1000
Btu/h approved rating or as indicated by the conditions of listing
of the furnace.
The minimum unobstructed total area of the circulating air
openings or ducts to a blower-type warm-air furnace shall be not
less than Z square inches for every 1000 Btu/h approved output
rating or bonnet capacity of the furnace.
The total area of the circulating air openings or ducts need not
be larger than the minimum sized circulating air opening or
openings as indicated by the conditions of listing of the furnace.
(e) Dampers. Volume dampers shall not be placed in any
warm-air furnace circulating air inlet in a manner which will
reduce the required circulating air to the furnace.
NOW ...
(f) Ducts for Blower-type Warm-air Furnace. Except as
provided in subsection (g) of this Section, circulating air for
every fuel-burning blower-type warm-air furnace shall be con-
ducted into the blower housing from outside the furnace space by
continuous airtight ducts.
(g) Prohibited Sources. The circulating air for a heating
system shall not be taken from any of the following locations:
I. Closer than 10 feet from any appliance vent outlet, unless
such vent outlet is 3 feet above the circulating air inlet.
Z. Where it will pick up objectionable odors, fumes, or
flammable vapors.
3. A hazardous or insanitary location or a machinery room as
defined in this Code.
4. From an area the volume of which is less than 25 percent of
the entire volume served by such system, unless there is a
permanent opening to an area the volume of which is equal to 25
percent of the entire volume served. This permanent opening
when used to provide circulating air to a warm-air furnace shall
be of sufficient area to comply with this Section.
EXCEPTION: Such opening when used for a warm-air
furnace in a dwelling unit may be reduced to no less than
50 percent of the required circulating air area provided the
balance of the required circulating air is taken from a room
or hall having at least three doors leading to other rooms
served by the furnace.
5. From a room or space having any fuel-burning appliances
therein.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to:
1. Fireplaces, fireplace appliances, residential cooking
appliances, sealed combustion system appliances, enclosed
furnaces, and residential clothes dryers installed within the
room or space.
Z. A gravity-type heating system or listed vented wall
furnace.
6. Closer than 10 feet from any vent opening for a plumbing
drainage system, unless the vent opening is at least 3 feet above
the circulating air inlet.
7. A clothes,coat,linen or storage closet.
(h) Screen. Every required circulating air inlet from outside
the building shall be covered with screen having'/a-inch openings.
EXCEPTION: Any such circulating air inlet serving any
nonresidential portion of any building may be covered with
screen having openings not exceeding 1 inch in width.
(i) Circulating Air Limitation. Circulating air from one
dwelling unit shall not be discharged into another dwelling unit
through the heating system.
0) Filters. Filters shall be installed in all forced air type
central furnaces.
CONDITIONED AIR SUPPLY
Sec. 707. (a) Duct Size. The minimum unobstructed total area
of the conditioned air ducts from a blower-type warm-air
furnace shall not be less than 2 square inches for each 1000 Btu/h
approved output rating of the furnace and the minimum
unobstructed total area of the conditioned air ducts from a
gravity-type warm-air furnace shall be not less than 7 square
inches for each 1000 Btu/h approved output rating or as specified
by the conditions of listing of the furnace.
The total area of the conditioned air ducts need not be larger
than the outlet plenum collar opening on the furnace.
For the purpose of this Section a volume damper, grille, or
register installed for the purpose of controlling the conditioned
air flow shall not be considered an obstruction.
(b) Surgical Operating Room. Any warm-air furnace duct
openings installed to warm a surgical operating room shall be not
less than 5 feet above the floor.
ATTIC FURNACE
Sec. 708. Every warm-air furnace installed in any attic or in
any furred space less than 5 feet in height at the furnace
location shall be listed for installation in such area and for use on
combustible flooring.
Fire protection around any warm-air furnace installed in an
attic shall comply with Section 711.
Every attic or furred space in which a warm-air furnace is
installed shall be accessible by an opening and passageway as
large as the largest piece of the furnace and in no case less than
30 inches by 30 inches continuous from the opening to the
furnace and its controls. The opening to the passageway shall be
located not more than 20 feet from the furnace measured along
the center line of such passageway. Every passageway shall be
unobstructed and shall have solid continuous flooring not less
than 24 inches wide from the entrance opening to the furnace.
Access to the furnace shall be provided by a stair or fixed
ladder constructed of nominal 2 x 4's with steps on not over
eleven-inch (11") centers.
EXCEPTION: An area above a removable ceiling which
is not over 10' above the floor below and where a portable
ladder is permanently available.
A permanent electric light outlet and lighting fixture, control-
led by a switch located at the required passageway opening, shall
be provided at, or near, the furnace.
WARM-AIR FURNACES LOCATED IN UNDER-FLOOR SPACES
Sec. 709. Every warm-air furnace installed in the under-floor
area of any building shall comply with the following require-
ments.
1. All wood or combustible construction within 6 inches of any
such furnace shall be protected as specified in Section 711.
2. An access opening and passageway of a height and width
sufficient to permit removal of the furnace, and in no case less
than 30 inches by 30 inches, shall be provided to the working
space in front of the furnace. The access opening to any such
passageway shall be through an opening in an exterior wall of the
building or through a trap door within the building. The distance
from the passageway access to the heating equipment shall not
exceed 20 feet.
3. Every furnace supported from the ground shall rest on a
concrete slab extending not less than 3 inches above the
adjoining ground level.
4. The lowest portion of any furnace suspended from the
building shall have a clearance of at least 6 inches from the
ground.
Whenever it is necessary to excavate to install any such
furnace, the excavation shall extend to a depth of 6 inches below
the furnace and 12 inches on all sides of the furnace, except the
control side, which shall have a clearance of 30 inches.
Whenever the excavation for either the furnace space or for
the passageway exceeds 12 inches in depth, the walls of such
excavation shall be lined with waterproof concrete or masonry
extending to a height of 4 inches above the adjoining ground
level.
In flood plane areas wherever there is a possibility that water
may overflow the 4-inch high curb, the entire crawl space grade
or height shall be such that a 12-inch clearance will exist
between the bottom of the furnace and the ground.
5. A permanent electric light outlet and lighting fixture,
controlled by a switch located at the required passageway
opening,shall be provided at, or near, the furnace.
6. A furnace arranged to burn any liquefied petroleum gas
shall not be installed in an under-floor space, unless such space is
provided with an approved means for removal of unburned gas.
FURNACES INSTALLED ON. ROOFS OR EXTERIOR WALLS OF
BUILDINGS
Sec. 710. (a) General. Furnace installation on roofs or exterior
walls of buildings shall comply with the requirements for roof
and wall structures as specified in the Building Code,and shall be
listed or approved for such use.
(b) Weather. Protection. Unless listed or designed for outside
installation, every appliance located on the roof of a building
shall be in a penthouse complying with the requirements of the
Building Code, for roof structures, or shall be completely
enclosed in a weatherproof housing. This housing when construc-
ted of metal shall be of galvanized steel or aluminum not less
than No. 24 U.S. Standard gage supported on a substantial metal
frame. The housing shall be not larger than necessary to
properly cover and provide a minimum 6-inch clearance around
the appliance or appliances enclosed therein, including all
controls and draft hoods.
(c) Ventilation. Every enclosure shall be provided with
ventilation openings complying with the requirements of Chapter
6 of this Part, together with means for proper ventilation of the
furnace draft hood relief opening of openings.
(d) Clearance. Clearance of the furnace from combustible
construction shall be as specified in Section 711.
(e) Platform. Every appliance located on a roof of a building
shall be installed on a substantial level platform. Whenever the
roof has a slope greater than 4 inches measured vertically to 12
inches measured horizontally, a level working platform not less
than 30 inches in depth shall be provided in front of the entire
firebox and control sides of the appliance. All sides of any
working platform facing any portion of the roof edge below the
platform shall be protected by a substantial railing 42 inches in
height with vertical rails not more than 21 inches apart, except
that parapets at least 24 inches in height may be utilized in lieu
of rails or guards.
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(f) Catwalk. A catwalk not less than 16 inches in width and
provided with substantial cleats spaced not more than 16 inches
apart shall be provided from the roof access to every required
working platform at the appliance.
EXCEPTION: This requirement shall not apply if the
slope of the roof is not more than 4 inches measured
vertically to 12 inches measured horizontally.
(g) Roof Scuttle Access. Required working platforms, railings
and catwalks may be omitted when access to the equipment is
through a required roof scuttle and all of the following provisions
are met:
1. The required scuttle is located immediately adjacent to the
control side of the equipment unit.
2. All controls, filters,burners, fans and motors are accessible
for service and repair within 2 feet of the edge of the equipment
platform on the scuttle side.
3. The equipment platform is not more than 20 inches above
the high side of the scuttle opening.
4. A substantial working platform not less than 30 inches by
30 inches shall be provided directly below the scuttle at a point
not less than 30 inches or more than 32 inches below the high
side of the scuttle opening.
5. Scuttles located on other than the roof incline side of the
equipment unit shall have their lids or trap doors hinged on the
low side of the scuttle. Such lids or trap doors shall be equipped
with means to insure an opening radius of not less than 90
degrees nor more than 100 degrees from the closed position.
Scuttle lids or trap doors and hardware, when open, shall be
capable of withstanding a 300-pound lateral stress from the roof
incline side.
6. Access to such scuttles shall comply with Section 708.
(h) Access. Every appliance installed in or on an exterior wall
of a building, which is so designed that the burners or controls
are serviceable only from outside the building, shall be readily
accessible.
Every appliance located on the roof of any building shall be
readily accessible.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Permanent exterior ladders providing
roof access need not extend closer than 8 feet to the finish
grade.
Z. For appliances on a single-story portion of a Group M
or R Occupancy, a portable ladder may be used.
CLEARANCE OF WARM-AIR FURNACES
Sec. 711. Clearances shall be provided for warm-air furnaces
in accordance with the terms of their listing. The clearances
along the combustion chamber opening side of a warm-air
furnace shall be not less than 6 inches. Working space along the
entire front or firebox side of the furnace shall conform to
Section 703.
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CHAPTER 8
VENTED DECORATIVE APPLIANCES,FLOOR FURNACES,
VENTED WALL FURNACES, UNIT HEATERS, AND ROOM
HEATERS
SCOPE
Sec. 801. In addition to the requirements of Chapter 5, every
vented decorative appliance, floor furnace, vented wall furnace,
unit heater, and room heater shall comply with the applicable
requirements of this Chapter.
GENERAL
Sec. 802. Every vented decorative appliance, floor furnace,
vented wall furnace, unit heater, and room heater shall be of a
type listed for vented use and shall be connected to a vent
complying with Chapter 9, except as provided for in Section 807.
Every vented decorative appliance, floor furnace, vented wall
furnace, unit heater and room heater shall be provided with
combustion air supply complying with Chapter 6.
A vented decorative appliance, floor furnace, vented wall
furnace, unit heater or room heater shall not be located in any of
the following places:
1. In any surgical operating room
2. Under any stairway.
3. In any hazardous location.
4. In any Group H, Division 1, 2 or 3 Occupancy.
5. In any room or space where an open flame is prohibited.
6. In Group H, Division 4 Occupancies, devices generating a
spark or glow capable of igniting gasoline vapors shall not
be installed or used within 18 inches of the floor.
7. In any Group H, Division 5 Occupancy,and Group B,
Division 3 Occupancy, unless the appliance is located at
least 8 feet above the floor.
Overhead heaters installed in aircraft storage or servicing
areas of Group B,Division 3 Occupancies shall be at least 10 feet
above the upper surface of wings or engine enclosures of the
highest aircraft which may be housed in the hangar. Overhead
heater shall be at least 8 feet above the floor of shops, offices,
and other sections of hangars communicating with aircraft
storage or working areas.
Vented decorative appliances, floor furnaces, vented wall
furnaces, unit heaters, and room heaters shall be installed so as
to minimize the probability of damage from an external source.
VENTED DECORATIVE APPLIANCES
Sec. 803. In addition to the general requirements specified in
Section 802, every vented decorative appliance shall comply with
the requirements specified for heating equipment and heating
appliances of this Code.
Approved gas logs may be installed only in solid fuel-burning
fireplaces provided:
1. The gas log is installed only in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
2. If the fireplace is equipped with a damper, it shall be
permanently blocked open to a sufficient amount to
prevent spillage of combustion products into the room.
3. The minimum flue passageway shall be not less than 1
square inch per 2000 Btu/h input.
4. Gas logs when equipped with a pilot shall have a listed
safety shutoff valve.
FLOOR FURNACES
Sec. 804. (a) Location. Flat floor furnaces shall be installed
not closer than 6 inches to any wall.
Wall register floor furnaces shall be installed not closer than 6
inches to any inside room corner.
EXCEPTION: Replacement floor furnaces of the same
or lesser Btu/h input rating may be installed in the same
location as the old furnace, where such replacement does
not create an unsafe condition.
A floor furnace shall be located so that a door cannot swing to
within less than 12 inches of any air inlet or air outlet of such
furnace measured at right angles to the opening. Doorstops or
door closers shall not be installed to obtain such clearance.
A floor furnace shall be installed at least 60 inches below any
part of the structure projecting over the warm-air outlet of the
furnace.
Every flat floor furnace shall be so located that there is a
clear floor space 24 inches in width along two adjoining sides of
such furnace.
Every floor furnace shall be so located that the burner
assembly projects only into an unoccupied under-floor area.
A flat floor furnace or wall register type floor furnace shall
not be located in the floor or wall of any aisle, foyer, corridor, or
exit in other than a dwelling unit.
(b) Access. An opening and passageway not less than 24 inches
by 18 inches shall be provided to every floor furnace. Any such
passageway shall be not more than 20 feet in length from the
required access opening or from an under-floor area 30 inches or
more in height.
(c)Installation. Floor furnaces shall be supported independent-
ly of the furnace floor grille.
Floor furnaces shall not be closer than 6 inches to the ground.
EXCEPTION: Where the lower 6-inch portion of such
furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent entrance
of water, such clearance may be reduced to Z inches.
Whenever it is necessary to excavate to install a floor furnace,
the excavation shall extend 30 inches beyond the control side of
the floor furnace and 12 inches beyond the other sides and the
back.
Any excavation required by this subsection shall slope outward
from the perimeter of the base of the excavation to the natural
grade under that portion of the building. This slope shall extend
at an angle of not greater than 45 degrees from horizontal.
Floor furnaces shall not be installed on a concrete slab on
grade.
VENTED WALL FURNACES
Sec. 805. (a) Location. Vented wall furnaces designed to be
installed in a nominal 4-inch wall shall be not less than 6 inches
from an inside room corner unless listed for lesser clearances.
EXCEPTION: Replacement of vented wall furnaces of
the same or lesser Btu/h input rating may be installed in
the same location as the old furnace if it does not create
an unsafe condition.
Every vented wall furnace shall be located so that a door
cannot swing to within less than 12 inches of any air inlet or air
outlet of such furnace, measured at right angles to the opening.
Doorstops or door closers shall not be installed to obtain this
clearance.
Except when specifically approved, vented wall furnaces shall
be installed at least 18 inches below any structural projection.
This requirement includes door and windows which could project
over the furnace.
(b) Combustion Air. Every vented wall furnace shall be
provided with combustion air supply complying with Chapter 6.
EXCEPTION: The required combustion air openings may
be omitted to any area in which a vented wall furnace is
installed, provided there is a permanent cased opening or
archway through which a person may walk, opening into
other rooms having a combined volume in cubic feet
equivalent to one-twentieth of the Btu/h input rating of
such furnace.
(c) Limitations. Ducts shall not be attached to wall furnaces.
Casing extensions or boots may be installed, if listed as part of
the appliance.
UNIT HEATERS
Sec. 806. (a) Suspended Type Unit Heaters. Suspended type
unit heaters shall be installed as follows:
I. Safely and securely supported with hangers and brackets of
non-combustible material.
2. With clearances from combustible material of not less than
18 inches at the sides, 12 inches at the bottom, 6 inches
above the top, and 18 inches beyond the front and rear of
the heater, except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of
this Section.
(b) Floor Mounted Type Unit Heaters. Floor mounted type
unit heaters shall be installed as follows:
1. With clearances from combustible material as set forth in
Table No. 5-A, except as provided in subsections (c) and (d)
of this Section.
2. On combustible floors if approved for such installation.
n..
(c) Unit heaters Listed for Reduced Clearances. Unit heaters
listed for reduced clearances may be installed at the clearances
indicated on the required manufacturer's label.
(d) Unit Heaters Listed for Greater Clearances. Unit heaters
listed for a greater clearance shall be installed to conform with
conditions of approval.
(e) High Static Pressure TyPe Unit Heaters. High static
pressure type unit heaters with provisions for duct connections
may be connected to ducts provided:
1. All air inlets and air outlets are located in the same space
as the unit heater.
2. Every duct and plenum shall conform with the requirements
as specified in Chapter 10 of this Code.
(f) Unit Heaters Installed in Group B Occupancies. Unit
heaters installed in a Group B, Division 1 or 3 Occupancy shall
obtain recirculating air more than 4 feet above the floor.
ROOM HEATERS
Sec. 807. (a) Vented Freestanding. Venter freestanding room
heaters shall be installed with clearances from combustible
material as set forth in Table No. 5-A.
EXCEPTION: Heaters listed for reduced clearances may
be installed at the clearances specified on the required
manufacturer's label.
Vented freestanding room heaters shall not be located so that
a door can swing to within less than 12 inches of any warm-air
outlet of the heater, measured at right angles to the outlet.
Doorstops or door closers shall not be installed to obtain such
clearance.
Vented freestanding room heaters shall be located at least 36
inches below any part of a structure projecting over the heater.
This projection shall include doors or windows that could project
over he heater.
Vented freestanding room heaters shall be safely and securely
installed to prevent accidental displacement.
(b) Vented Overhead. Vented overhead room heaters shall be
safely and securely supported with hangers and brackets of
noncombustible material and shall be installed with clearances
from combustible material as specified on the required manu-
facturer's label.
EXCEPTION: Installation of overhead heaters in aircraft
storage or servicing areas of Group B, Division 3 Occupan-
cies shall comply with requirements of Section 802.
(c) Room Heaters, Unvented Heaters. Unvented, fuel burning
room heaters shall not be installed in any group I or R
Occupancy, nor shall any such heater be installed in any building,
whether as a new or as a replacement installation, unless
permitted by this Section.
EXCEPTION: Unvented gas-fired room heaters, exclud-
ing gas-fired bathroom heaters, may continue to be used in
existing Group R Occupancies when approved by the
Building Official unless remodeling or rehabilitation of fire
damage is in excess of 50 percent of the value of the
structure.
Now V
Listed or approved unvented overhead room heaters may be
installed in any Group A, Division 2, 2.1, 3 or 4; Groups B, H,
Division 4; Group H, Division 5, or Group M Occupancy, provided
the installation conforms to all of the following requirements:
1. All portions of the heater are located not less than 8 feet
above the floor.
2. At least two unobstructed permanent ventilation openings
are provided to the room or space containing such heaters.
These openings shall open directly to the outside of the
building through the floor, roof, or wall. The minimum
combined total area of these openings shall be at least 1
square inch for each 100 Btu/h input of the heater or
heaters, with a minimum total area of 100 square inches.
One-half of the required ventilation openings shall be above
the heater or heaters and one-half shall be located below
the heater or heaters.
EXCEPTION: Where approved by the Building Official,
provisions may be made to exhaust the products of
combustion to outside the building by mechanical means.
3. The heater shall be safely and securely supported with
hangers and brackets of noncombustible material and
installed with clearances from combustible material as
specified on the required manufacturer's label.
CHAPTER 9
VENTING OF APPLIANCES
NOTE: Tables in Chapter 9 appear at the end of the Chapter.
GENERAL
Sec. 901. Every appliance designed to be vented shall be
connected to a venting system as specified in Section 902 and
such system shall comply with the provisions of this Chapter,
except as provided in this Section.
Venting systems shall consist of approved chimneys, Type B
vents,Type BW vents, Type L vents or a venting assembly which
is an integral part of a listed appliace.
Venting systems shall be so designed and constructed as to
develop a positive flow adequate to convey all combustion
products to the outside atmosphere.
Venting systems may be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering methods when such design method has been approved
by the Building Official.
A venting system which is an integral part of the vented
appliance shall be installed in accordace with the terms of its
listing, manufacturer's installation requirements, and applicable
requirements of this Code.
Gas venting systems serving appliances equipped with draft
hoods and appliances listed for use with Type B vents may be
designed in accordance with tables in Appendix C, Chapter 9,
when such design method has been approved by the Building
Official.
TYPE OF VENTING SYSTEMS REQUIRED
Sec. 902. (a) General. The type of venting system required to
serve various classifications of appliances shall be as set forth in
Tables No. 9-A and No. 9-B.
(b) Limitations. Type B_vents shall not be used for venting the
following:
1. Appliances which may be converted readily to the use of
solid or liquid fuels;
2. Combination gas-oil burning appliances;
3. Appliances listed for use with chimneys only.
(c) Vent Connector. Connectors used for gas appliances having
draft hoods and for listed conversion-burner-equipped appliances
having draft hoods may be constructed of materials having
resistance to corrosion and heat not less than that specified in
Section 915 (b) or they may be of Type B or Type L vent
material.
INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 903. (a) General. Every factory-built chimney, Type L
vent, Type B gas vent or Type BW gas vent, shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the terms of its
listing, and to the applicable requirements of this Code.
Every masonry chimney and metal chimney shall be installed
according to the applicable requirements of this Chapter.
.. ..W
(b) Dampers. Manually operated dampers shall not be placed in
chimneys, vents or chimney or vent connectors of liquid or gas-
burning appliances. Fixed baffles on the appliance side of draft
hoods and draft regulators shall not be classified as dampers.
Automatically operated dampers shall be of approved type
designed to maintain a safe damper opening at all times and
arranged to prevent firing of the burner unless the damper is
opened to a safe position.
(c) Unused Openings. Any unused opening in any venting
system shall be closed or capped to the satisfaction of the
Building Official.
LOCATION AND SUPPORT OF VENTING SYSTEMS OTHER
THAN CHIMNEYS
Sec. 904. A combustion products vent, vent connector or
exhaust duct shall not extend into or through any air duct or
plenum.
EXCEPTION: A venting system may pass through a
combustion air duct.
Portions of vents which extend through occupied spaces shall
be enclosed to avoid personal contact with or damage to the
vent.
The base of every vent which extends to the ground shall rest
on a solid masonry or concrete base not less than 2 inches in
thickness. The base of every vent which does not extend to the
ground and is not self-supporting, shall rest on a firm metal or
masonry support.
Appliances shall not be vented into a fireplace or into a
chimney serving a fireplace.
All venting systems shall be adequately supported for the
weight and the design of the material used.
LENGTH--PITCH--CLEARANCES
Sec. 905. (a) Vent Offsets. Except as provided for in Section
901, every gravity-type vent shall extend in a general vertical
direction having no offsets greater than 45 degrees from
vertical.
EXCEPTION: One 90 degree off-set from the horizontal
may be used adjacent to a horizontal draft hood collar.
When approved by the Building Official, a vent may have one
offset of not more than 60 degrees from the vertical.
Every offset shall be supported for its weight and shall be
installed to maintain proper clearance, to prevent physical
damage and to prevent separation of the joints.
Any angle greater than 45 degrees from the vertical is
considered horizontal. The total horizontal run of a vent, plus
the horizontal vent connection, shall be not greater than 75
percent of the vertical height of the vent.
(b) Rise. Every vent connector which is a part of a gravity-
type venting system shall have a continuous rise of not less than
'/i inch per foot of length measured from the appliance vent
collar to the vent.
(c) Clearance. Single wall metal vent connectors, where
permitted to be used by Section 902, shall be provided with
clearances from combustible material of not less than that set
forth in Table No. 5-C.
V �
VENT TERMINATION
Sec. 906. (a) General. Vents shall extend above the roof
surface, through a flashing, and terminate in a listed vent cap,
installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's
instructions.
(b) Gravity-type. Gravity-type venting systems, other than a
Type BW gas venting system or a venting system which is an
integral part of a listed appliance shall terminate not less than 5
feet above the highest vent collar which it serves.
(c) Wall Furnace. Type BW gas vent serving a vented wall
furnace shall not terminate less than 12 feet in vertical height
above the bottom of the furnace, except as provided in Section
907.
(d) Type B or BW. A Type B or BW gas vent shall terminate
not less than 1 foot above the roof through which it passes, nor
less than 4 feet from any portion of the building which extends at
an angle of more than 45 degrees upward from the horizontal not
less than shown in Figure No. 1.
< 5 LISTED TOP _
HEIGHTS ON
SUING ROOFS
S
1 t
D
flit 21 17 /Il 6,11 8/11 ID,It 11,:2 I.ii;
8 ROOF SLOPE
FIGURE NO.r
(e) Tyre L: Type L venting systems shall terminate not less
than 2 feet above the roof through which it passes, nor less than
4 feet from any portion of the building which extends at an angle
of more than 45 degrees upward from the horizontal.
(f) Vent Terminals. Venting systems shall terminate not less
than 4 feet below or 4 feet horizontally from, nor less than 1
foot above any door, window, or gravity air inlet into any
building.
EXCEPTION: Vent terminals of direct vent appliances
with inputs of 50,000 Btu/h or less shall be located not less
than 9 inches from any opening through which combustion
products could enter a building, and such appliances with
inputs over 50,000 Btu/h but not exceeding 65,000 Btu/h
shall require 12-inch vent termination clearances. The
bottom of the vent terminal and the air intake shall be
located at least 12 inches above grade.
Venting systems shall terminate not less than 3 feet above any
forced air inlet located within 10 feet nor less than 4 feet from
any property line except a public way.
(g) Outdoor Appliances with Integral Vents. Appliances listed
for outdoor installation incorporating integral venting means
shall be considered as being property vented when they are
installed in accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's
instructions.
VENTS FOR WALL FURNACES REQUIRING A TYPE BW GAS
VENT
Sec. 907. In addition to the other requirements specified in
this Chapter, every gas-burning vented wall furnace requiring a
Type BW gas vent shall be vented to comply with the following
requirements:
1. Type BW gas vents shall be attached to a solid header plate
designed for the vented wall furnace installed. This attachment
shall be made by a base plate furnished with the gas vent used.
.ow
2. The stud space in which a Type BW gas vent is installed
shall be free of obstructions, except for firestop spacers that are
required for multistory Type BW gas vents. All ceiling plates and
floor plates through which the gas vent passes shall be cut flush
with the adjacent wall studs.
3. Clearance of Type BW gas vent from any material shall be
that space provided by the base plate, ceiling plate spacer straps
and firestop-spacers, furnished with the gas vent used. When
Type BW gas vent is located in a stud space, care shall be
exercised so that clearances provided by spacers are maintained
after application of wall coverings and other parts of the
construction.
4. Type BW gas vent listed only for single-story use shall be
installed only in a single-story building or on the top story of a
multistory building. Type BW gas vent listed for multistory use
may be installed in single or multistory buildings.
5. Any study space that contains a Type BW gas vent, which is
serving a vented wall furnace installed in a single-story building
or in the top story of a muiltistory building, shall be open to an
attic space or to a ventilated roof flashing equipped with a storm
collar.
EXCEPTION: In lieu of a ventilated roof flashing this
stud space may be ventilated by providing an opening in the
wall covering, within 12 inches of the upper portion of the
stud space, opening into a room served by the wall furnace.
Where a Type VW gas vent extends into an attic space, a metal
sleeve not less than No. Z6 Manufacturers' Standard gage steel,
having the same area as the opening through the ceiling plate,
shlal extend around the gas vent from the top of the ceiling plate
into the attic at least 12 inches or to a point 2 inches below the
roof sheathing, whichever is the lesser. This sleeve shall be
securely fixed in position.
6. The stud space in which a vented recessed wall furnace is
installed shall be ventilated at the first ceiling plate level above
the furnace by the ceiling plate spacer furnished with the gas
vent used. Firestop-spacers furnished with the gas vent used
shall be installed at each subsequent ceiling plate through which
the gas vent passes.
7. A suitable metal guard shall be installed at the floor line of
each floor through which the gas vent passes, to assure required
clearance from combustible material and to prevent any damage
to the vent.
8. When a Type VW gas vent is installed in an existing
building, the wall covering one side of the vent shall be
completely open for proper installation and inspection.
9. Type BW gas vent shall extend from the header plate of the
vented wall furnace to a point above the highest ceiling plate
through which the vent passes, without any offsets or crossovers
therein. After a Type VW gas vent passes through the highest
ceiling plate above the furnace which it serves, the vent system
may be completed with Type B gas vent, of the same manu-
facturer, and offsets or breakovers shall be limited to that
specified in Section 905.
AREA OF VENTING SYSTEM
Sec. 908. Every venting system shall have an internal cross-
sectional area of not less than the area of the vent collar on the
appliance unless the venting system has been designed in
accordance with Section 901. In no case shall such area be less
than 7 square inches unless the venting system is an integral part
of a listed appliance.
MULTIPLE APPLIANCE VENTING SYSTEMS
Sec. 909. Two or more oil or gas-burning appliances may be
connected to one common venting system, or automatically
controlled gas appliances may be vented into the same chimney
serving liquid fuel-fired appliances provided: (a) the gas
appliances are each equipped with a safety shutoff device, (b)
each oil appliance is equipped with a primary safety control, and
(c) the venting system is designed to meet the requirements of
Section 901 of this Code, or the venting system complies with
the following requirements.
1. Appliances which are connected to a common venting
system shall be located within the same story of the building
except designed vent systems as provided by Section 901.
2. Two or more connectors shall not enter a common venting
system unless the inlets are offset in such a manner that no
portion of any inlet is opposite the other inlets.
3. Where two or more appliances are connected to one venting
system the venting system area shall be not less than the area of
the largest vent connector plus 50 percent of the areas of the
additional vent connectors.
4. Each vent connector of a multiple venting system shall
have the greatest possible rise consistent with the headroom
available between the draft hood outlet, the barometric damper
or the flue collar and the point of interconnection to a manifold,
to a common vent or to a chimney.
EXISTING VENTING SYSTEMS
Sec. 910. An existing venting system shall not be connected to
a replaced appliance unless the venting system complies with all
the following requirements:
I. The venting system shall have been lawfully installed in
compliance with the Code in effect at the time of its installation
and shall be in a safe condition.
2. The internal area of the venting system shall comply with
Section 908.
3. The venting system shall be connected to the appliance in a
safe manner.
4. The venting system materials used must be of the same
manufacture and style as the existing venting system, or
replacement materials shall be of one manufacture. Installation
shall conform to the U.L. listing requirements for the materials.
DRAFT HOODS
Sec. 911. Every appliance draft hood shall be located in the
same room or space as the combustion air opening of the
appliance.
Every draft hood shall be installed in the position for which it
was designed and shall be located so that the draft hood relief
opening is not less than 6 inches from any surface other than the
appliance it serves, measured in a direction 90 degrees to the
plane of the relief opening. When a greater clearance is
indicated by the appliance approval, as shown on the appliance
label, this greater clearance shall be provided.
TYPES OF CHIMNEYS
Sec. 912. (a) Factory-built Chimneys. Factory-built chimneys
shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing,
the manufacturer's instructions, and the applicable requirements
of this Code. Factory-built chimneys shall terminate as required
for unlisted single wall metal chimneys in Table No.9-C.
(b) Masonry Chimneys. Masonry chimneys shall be constructed
to meet the requirements of Section 913.
(c) Metal Chimneys. Metal chimneys shall be constructed to
meet the requirements of Section 914.
MASONRY CHIMNEYS
Sec. 913. (a) Design. Masonry chimneys shall be designed,
anchored, supported and reinforced as required in Chapters 23,
29 and 37 of the Building Code.
(b) Gas Venting into Existing Masonry Chimneys. Existing
lined masonry chimneys and unlined chimneys with not more than
one side exposed to the outside may be used to vent gas
appliances provided:
1. An approved liner shall be installed in an existing unlined
masonry chimney when deemed necessary by the Building
Official considering local problems of vent gas condensate.
Z. The effective cross-sectional area is not more than four
times the cross-sectional area of the vent and chimney connec-
tors entering the chimney.
3. The effective area of the chimney when connected to more
than one appliance shall be not less than the area of the largest
vent or chimney connector plus 50 percent of the area of the
additional vent or chimney connectors.
4. Automatically controlled gas appliances connected to a
chimney which also serves equipment burning solid or liquid fuel
shall be equipped with an automatic pilot. A gas appliance vent
connector and a chimney connector from an appliance burning
another fuel may be connected into the same chimney through
separate openings provided the gas appliance is vented above the
other fuel-burning appliance or both may be connected through a
single opening if joined by a suitable fitting located at the
chimney. If two or more openings are provided into one chimney,
they should be at different levels so that no portion of one inlet
is in the same horizontal plane of another inlet.
5. The chimney passageway shall be examined to ascertain
that it is clear and free of obstructions and shall be cleaned if
previously used for venting solid-or liquid-fuel burning appli-
ances.
6. The vent or chimney connector shall enter the chimney not
less than 6 inches from the bottom of the chimney. The chimney
shall be provided with a cleanout. If 6 inches are not available, a
cleanout shall be provided by installing a capped tee in the vent
connector next to the chimney.
Unlined chimneys with more than one side exposed to the
outside shall be lined with an approved liner unless otherwise
approved by the Building Official.
When inspection reveals that an existing chimney is not safe
for the intended application, it shall be rebuilt to conform to
chimney standards of the Building Code or replaced with an
approved gas vent or factory built chimney complying with
Section 912(a).
NNW
METAL CHIMNEYS
Sec. 914.(a) General. 1. Limitations. Unlisted single wall
metal chimneys smokestacks) shall not be used within a dwelling
unit of a Group R Occupancy.
Metal chimneys shall not be carried up inside ventilating ducts
unless such ducts are constructed and installed as required by
this Code for chimneys and are used solely for exhaust of air
from the room or space in which the appliances served by the
metal chimneys are located.
2. Design. Metal chimneys shall have a minimum thickness
equal to No. 14 Manufacturers' Standard gage steel and shall be
designed and constructed as specified in this Chapter, and
Chapters 23 and 27 of the Building Code.
3. Construction. Unlisted metal chimneys shall be riveted or
welded and, unless structurally self-supporting, shall be guyed
securely, or firmly anchored to or otherwise supported by the
building or structure served thereby. All joints shall be liquid
tight or of such a design that liquid will drain to the interior of
the chimney.
4. Lam. Metal chimneys shall be lined as required by Table
No. 9-C.
5. Termination: Metal chimneys shall terminate as required
by Table No. 9-C.
6. Clearance. Clearance from combustible construction shall
be in accordance with Table No. 9-C and the applicable
requirements for each classification of chimney as required by
this Chapter.
Where such chimney passes through a ceiling or roof construct-
ed of combustible materials,it shall be protected by an approved
ventilating thimble extending not less than 9 inches below and 9
inches above sudh ceiling or roof construction. Such thimbles
shall be of a size to provide a clearance on all sides of the
chimney of not less than 18 inches: provided, that for chimneys
of low-heat appliances, the clearance may be reduced to not less
than 6 inches.
7. Support. Metal chimneys shall be supported on properly
designed foundations of masonry or reinforced concrete or on
noncombustible material having a fire-resistance rating of not
less than three hours provided such supports are independent of
the building construction and the load is transferred to the
ground.
8. Enclosure required for interior chimneys. Metal chimneys,
or parts thereof, in a building other than a one-story building,
shall be enclosed above the story in which the appliance served
thereby is located, in walls of noncombustible construction
having a fire-resistive rating of not less than one hour if the
building is less than four stories in height, and not less than two
hours, if the building is four stories or more in height with a
space on all sides between the chimney and the enclosing walls
sufficient to render the entire chimney accessible for examina-
tion and repair. The enclosing walls shall be without openings.
EXCEPTION: Doorways equipped with a fire assembly
having a one-hour fire-resistive rating may be permitted at
each floor level for inspection purposes.
(b) Metal Chimneys for Building Heating and Industrial Type
or Low-heat Appliances. Where a metal chimney used for
building heating and industrial type low-heat appliances is
located in the same story of a building as that in which the
appliances connected thereto are located, it shall have a
clearance of not less than 18 inches from any combustible
material. Such interior metal chimneys over 18 inches in
diameter shall have a clearance of not less than 4 inches, and
those 18 inches or less in diameter a clearance of not less than 2
inches from noncombustible construction.
Where a metal chimney serving only building heating and
industrial type or low-heat appliances passes through a roof
constructed of combustible material, it shall be guarded by a
ventilating thimble of galvanized steel or approved corrosion-
resistant metal extending not less than 9 inches below and 9
inches above the roof construction, and of a size to provide not
less than 6-inch clearance on all sides of the chimney; or the
combustible material in the roof construction shall be cut away
so as to provide not less than 18-inch clearance on all sides of
the chimney, with any material used to close up such opening
entirely noncombustible.
(c) Metal Chimneys for Medium-heat Appliances. Metal
chimneys for medium-heat appliances and producing flue gases
having a temperature above 10000F., measured at the entrance
to the chimney, shall be lined with medium duty firebrick, U.B.C.
Standard No. 37-1, or the equivalent laid in fireclay mortar,
U.B.C. Standard No. 37-1, or the equivalent. The lining shall be
at least 2% inches thick for chimneys having a diameter or
greatest cross-section dimension of 18 inches or less and shall
have a thickness of not less than 4% inches laid on 4%-inch bed
for chimneys having a diameter or greatest cross-section
dimension greater than 18 inches. The lining shall start 2 feet or
more below the lowest chimney connector entrance and shall
extend to a height of at least 25 feet above the highest chimney
connector entrance.
Where a metal chimney serving a medium-heat appliance
passes through a roof constructed of combustible material, it
shall be guarded by a ventilating thimble of galvanized iron or
approved corrosion-resistant metal, extending not less than 9
inches below and 9 inches above the roof construction, and of a
size to provide not less than 18-inch clearance on all sides of the
chimney.
Where a metal chimney used for medium-heat appliances is
located in the same story of a building as that in which the
appliances connected are located, it shall have a clearance of not
less than 36 inches from any combustible material. Such interior
metal chimneys over 18 inches in diameter shall have a clearance
of not less than 4 inches and those 18 inches or less in diameter a
clearance of not less than 2 inches from noncombustible
construction.
(d) Metal Chimneys for High-heat Appliances. Metal
chimneys for high-heat appliances shall be lined with high duty
firebrick, U.B.C. Standard No. 37-1, or the equivalent not less
than 4% inches thick laid on the 4%-inch bed in refractory
mortar, U.B.C. Standard No. 37-1, or the equivalent. The lining
shall start 2 feet or more below the lowest chimney connector
entrance and shall extend to a height of at least 25 feet above
the highest chimney connector entrance. Chimneys terminating
25 feet or less above a chimney connector entrance shall be lined
to the top.
(e) Metal. chimneys for*'%cinerators. I. Residential-type*mow
incinerators. Galvanized steel pipe not less than No. 10
galvanized-sheet gage number or other equivalent noncombusti-
ble, fire-and corrosion-resistant material may be used for
residential-type incinerators installed in locations such as open
sheds, breezeways or carports provided the pipe is exposed and
readily examinable for its full length and clearance not less than
18 inches is maintained from combustible material. The pipe
shall extend at least 3 feet above the highest point where it
passes by or through a roof and at least 2 feet higher than any
portion of a building within 10 feet. If the pipe passes through a
roof constructed of combustible material, it shall be guarded by
a ventilating thimble of galvanized steel or approved corrosion-
resistant noncombustible material extending not less than 9
inches below and 9 inches above the roof construction, and of a
size to provide not less than 6-inch clearance on all sides of the
pipe; or the combustible material in the roof construction shall
be cut away so as to provide not less than 18-inch clearance on
all sides of the pipe, with any material used to close up such
opening entirely noncombustible.
Z. Commercial and industrial type incinerators. Metal
chimneys for commercial and industrial type incinerators shall be
lined with medium duty firebrick, U.B.C. Standard No. 37-1, or
the equivalent, not less than 4% inches thick laid on the 4%-inch
bed in refractory mortar, medium duty, U.B.C. Standard No. 37-
1, or the equivalent. The lining shall start at the base of the
chimney and extend continuously to the top.
Metal chimneys of commercial and industrial type incinerators
shall extend at least 3 feet above roofs measured from the
highest point at which the metal chimney passes through the
roof. In any case, the chimney shall extend at least 2 feet higher
than any portion of a building within 25 feet.
Metal chimneys for commercial and industrial incinerators
shall be installed to provide clearances as specified in Section
914(c) --Metal Chimneys for Medium-heat Appliances.
(f) Spark Arrestors. Chimneys serving incinerators shall
terminate in a substantially constructed spark arrestor having an
area not less than four times the net free area of the chimney it
serves. Openings shall not permit the passage of spheres having
a diameter larger than % inch nor block the passage of spheres
having a diameter of less than 3/8 inch. Spark arrestors shall be
adequately supported and secured.
(g) Enclosures. Metal chimneys, serving flue-fed, chute-fed,
commercial or industrial type incinerators, extending through
any story of a building above that in which the connected
incinerator is located, shall be enclosed in such upper stories
within a continuous enclosure constructed of materials which are
not combustible such as masonry. The enclosure shall extend
from the ceiling of the incinerator room to or through the roof so
as to retain the integrity of the fire separations as required by
applicable building code provisions. The enclosure shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than one hour if the building is
less than four stories in height, and not less than two hours if the
building is four or more stories in height. All openings into the
enclosing walls shall be protected with a self-closing fire
assembly having a fire-resistive rating of not less than one and
one-half hours.
CONNECTORS
Sec. 915. (a) General. Connectors shall be used to connect
fuel-burning appliances to a vertical chimney or vent unless the
chimney or vent is attached directly to the appliance. Such
connectors shall be installed within the space or area in which
the appliance is located and shall be connected to a chimney or
vent in such a manner as to maintain the clearance to
combustibles as required in Table No. 5-C. Chimney connectors
shall be attached to factory-built chimneys as required by the
listing and the manufacturer's instructions.
EXCEPTION: Listed appliances with integral venting
systems such as direct vent appliances need not comply.
Collectors serving gravity vent-type appliances shall not be
connected to a venting system served by a power exhauster
unless the connection is made on the negative pressure side of
the power exhauster.
All connectors shall be as short and straight as possible.
An appliance shall be located as close as practical to the
venting system.
Connectors shall not be concealed by building construction.
Connectors made of Type B or Type L materials may be enclosed
following inspection, provided the installation meets the provi-
sions of Section 915(b) 2 H.
Connectors shall not pass through an area or occupancy
separation. Connectors may pass through other walls or
partitions in accordance with the provisions of Section 915(b) 2
F.
Single wall metal pipe used as a connector shall not originate
in any unoccupied attic or concealed space and shall not pass
through any attic,inside wall or concealed space.
When the connector used for a gas appliance having a draft
hood must be located or pass through a crawl space or other cold
area, that portion of the connector shall be listed Type B or Type
L vent material or be provided with the equivalent means of
insulation.
Connectors shall be installed so as to avoid sharp turns or
other construction features which would create excessive resis-
tance to the flow of flue gases. No device which will obstruct
the free flow of flue gases shall be installed in a connector. This
shall not be construed to prohibit the use of devices specifically
listed or approved for installation in a connector, such as heat
reclaimers,draft regulators, and safety controls.
Connectors shall be securely supported and joints fastened
with sheet metal screws, rivets, or other approved means.
Manually operated dampers shall not be placed in connectors
of stoker fired, liquid or gas-burning appliances. Fixed baffles on
the appliance side of draft hoods and draft regulators shall not be
classified as dampers. Automatically operated dampers shall be
on an approved type designed to maintain a safe damper opening
at all times and arranged to prevent the initiation or increase of
firing unless the damper is opened to a safe position.
Connectors shall be adequately supported for the design and
weight of the materials employed to maintain proper clearances,
to prevent physical damage, and to prevent separation of the
joints.
(b) Chimney Connectors. 1. Materials. A. General. Chimney
connectors shall be constructed of single wall metal conforming
with subparagraphs B and C of this subsection, of Type L vent
material as provided in D below or of other materials approved
for the use intended. Chimney connectors used for listed gas
appliances with draft hoods may be installed in accordance with
the provisions of Section 915(c).
B. Residential and low heat appliances. If serving residential,
building heating appliances and low-heat appliances, chimney
connectors made of single wall steel pipe shall be of not less than
the gages indicated.
I-W .r
Diameter of Connector Galvanized
(In Inches) Sheet Gage No.
5 or less 28
Over 5 to 9 26
Over 9 to 12 22
Over 12 to 16 20
Over 16 16
Breeching for medium-heat and high-heat appliances to be
fabricated of black, hot-rolled steel with welded seams and shall
be of not less than the following gages:
Diameter of Connector Manufacturer's
(In Inches) Standard Gage No.
12 or less 18
Over 12 to 24 16
Over 24 to 36 14
Over 36 to 60 12
Over 60 10
End joints of breechings may be welded,lapped, bolted or made
with companion end flanges. Long breechings shall be provided
with expansion joints.
C. Medium heat appliances and industrial incinerators. Metal
connectors for medium-heat appliances and industrial incinera-
tors shall be lined with firebrick not less than 2% inches thick
when the appliance flue collar is not larger than 18 inches in
diameter or greatest dimension, and 4% inches thick when the
flue collar is larger than 18 inches in diameter. Firebrick shall
be laid in fireclay. All such connectors shall maintain a free
area equal in size to the flue collar.
D. Connectors of Type L vent material. Chimney connectors
made of Type L vent material may be used with gas, oil and solid
fuel-burning residential type and building heating type appliances
including residential type incinerators.
2. Installation. A. Sizing. The connector, for its entire
length, shall be not smaller than the flue collar of the appliance
unless otherwise recommended by the appliance, chimney or vent
manuf acturer.
Two or more chimney connectors shall not be joined unless the
common connector, the manifold and the chimney are sized
properly to serve the appliances connected thereto and adequate
draft is available to remove all products of combustion to the
outdoors.
B. Clearance. Single wall metal connectors shall be installed
with clearance to combustibles as set forth in Table No. 5-C.
C. Draft regulators. A draft regulator shall be installed in the
connector serving a liquid fuel-burning appliance unless the
appliance is approved for use without a draft regulator.
...
A draft regulator may be installed in the connector serving a
listed gas incinerator when recommended by the incinerator
manufacturer. Draft regulators shall be installed in accordance
with the installation instructions accompanying the incinerator.
A draft regulator, when used, shall be installed in the same
room or enclosure as the appliance in such a manner that no
difference in pressure between air in the vicinity of the regulator
and the combustion air supply will be permitted.
D. Pitch. Chimney connectors shall have a rise of not less
than 3L inch to the foot of run.
E. Entering masonry chimneys. A connector entering a
masonry chimney shall extend through the wall to the inner face
of the liner, but not beyond, and shall be firmly cemented to
masonry. A thimble may be used to facilitate removal of the
connector for cleaning, in which case the thimble shall be
permanently cemented in place with high temperature cement.
The chimney connector shall enter the chimney not less than 6
inches from the bottom of the chimney. The chimney shall be
provided with a cleanout. If 6 inches are not available, a
cleanout shall be provided by installing a capped tee in the
connector next to the chimney.
F. Passage through walls or partitions. The connector of a
medium- or high-heat appliance as classified in Table No. 9-A,
shall not pass through any wall or partition constructed of
combustible material.
Connectors for listed residential and building heating appli-
ances with draft hoods, except incinerators, may pass through
walls or partitions constructed of combustible materials if:
i. Made of Type B or Type L material and installed with not
less than listed clearances to combustible material.
ii. Made of single wall metal pipe and guarded by a ventilated
thimble not less than 4 inches larger in diameter than the
vent connector.
In lieu of thimbles all combustible material in the wall or
partition shall be cut away from the connector a sufficient
distance to provide the clearance required from such connector.
Any material used to close up such openings shall be noncombus-
tible insulating material.
G. Lenitth. A connector shall be as short and straight as
possible. The appliance shall be located as close as practicable
to the chimney., The horizontal run of an uninsulated connector
to a natural draft chimney shall be not more than 75 percent of
the height of the vertical portion of the chimney above the
connector,unless part of an engineered system.
The horizontal run of an insulated connector to a natural draft
chimney serving a single fuel fired appliance shall be not more
than 100 percent of the height of the vertical portion of the
chimney above the connector, unless part of an engineered
system. The horizontal length, design, and construction of
combined connectors, or connectors to a manifold joining two or
more appliances to a chimney, shall be determined in accordance
with approved engineering methods.
H. Access. The entire length of a connector shall be
accessible for inspection, cleaning and replacement, unless listed
materials are used and approval has been obtained from the
Building Official.
... NOW
1. Fireplace connection. A chimney connector shall not be
connected to a chimney flue serving a fireplace unless the
fireplace opening is sealed or the chimney flue which vents the
fireplace is permanently sealed below the connection.
(c) Vent Connectors. I. Materials. Vent connectors used for
gas appliances having draft hoods, for listed conversion-burner
equipped appliances having draft hoods and for other gas
appliance(s) listed for use with Type B venting systems may be
constructed of Type B or Type L vent material or of noncombus-
tible corrosion-resistant material capable of withstanding the
flue gas temperatures produced by the appliance, such as No. 28
galvanized sheet gage steel, No. 26 B & S gage copper or No. 24
B & S gage aluminum.
2. Installation. A. Size. Vent connectors shall be sized in
accordance with the requirements of subsection (b)2A.
B. Clearance. Single wall metal vent connectors where
permitted to be used by Section 902, shall be provided with
clearances from combustible material of not less than that set
forth in Table No. 5-C.
EXCEPTION: A lesser clearance is acceptable if
protection is provided according to the requirements of
Tables No. 5-A and No. 5-B of Chapter 5 of this Code.
C. Length. The maximum permissible length of a vent
connector shall be in accordance with subsection (b)2G.
D. PAc h. Vent connectors shall be installed without any
downward pitch from the appliance and without any dips or sags.
Vent connectors shall be pitched upwards from the appliance at
least Y4 inch per foot.
E. Access.- The entire length of vent connectors shall be
accessible for inspection, cleaning and replacement, unless listed
materials are used and approval has been obtained from the
Building Official.
F. Limited passage through walls or partitions. The passage
of vent connectors through walls or partitions shall be limited to
the conditions specified in subsection (b)2F.
G. Two or more appliances connected to a single vent. Two or
more vent connectors shall not be joined unless the common
connector, the manifold and the vent are sized properly to serve
the appliances connected thereto and adequate draft is available
to remove all products of combustion to the outdoors.
Each vent connector of a multiple venting system shall have
the greatest possible rise consistent with the headroom available
between the draft hood outlet or the flue collar and the point of
interconnection to a manifold or to a common vent.
MECHANICAL DRAFT SYSTEMS
Sec. 916. (a) Forced or induced Draft Systems. Appliances,
except incinerators, requiring venting also may be vented by
means of mechanical draft systems of either forced or induced
draft design.
(b) Positive Pressure Systems. Forced draft systems and all
portions of induced draft systems under positive pressure during
operation shall be designed and installed so as to be gastight or
as to prevent leakage of combustion products into a building.
(c) Interconnected Systems. Vent connectors serving gas
appliances vented by natural draft shall not be connected into
any portion of a mechanical draft system operating under
positive pressure.
... '"W
(d) Interlock Controls. When a mechanical draft system is
employed, provision shall be made to prevent the flow of gas to
the main burners when the draft system is not performing so as
to satisfy the operating requirements of the appliance for safe
performance.
(e) Exit Terminals. The exit terminals of mechanical draft
systems shall be located not less than 12 inches from any opening
through which combustion products could enter the building, nor
less than 2 feet from an adjacent building, and not less than 7
feet above grade when located adjacent to public walkways.
VENTUNG THROUGH VENTILATING HOODS AND EXHAUST
SYSTEMS
Sec. 917. (a) Commercial Appliances. Ventilating hoods and
exhaust systems may be used to vent gas-burning appliances
installed in commercial applications.
(b) Dampers Prohibited. When automatically operated
appliances, such as water heaters, are vented through natural
draft ventilating hoods, dampers shall not be installed in the
ventilating system.
(c) Interlock Controls. When the ventilating hood or exhaust
system is equipped with power means of exhaust, the appliance
control system shall be interlocked so as to permit appliance
operation only when the power means of exhaust is in operation.
TABLE NO.9•A-CHIMNEY SELECTION CHART
CNIMNEYS FOR LOW HEAT APPLIANCES
CNIMNEYt FOR RESIDENTIAl INDUSTRIAL TYPE CHIMNEYS FOR MEDIUM NEAT CHIMNEYS FOR NUN NEAT
APPLIANCES OUILOUO NEATINa APPLIANCES LOW NEAT APPLIANCES APPLIANCES APPLIANCES
1. Factory Built 1. Factory built(low 1. Factory built(industrial I. F'actny built(medium L Masonry(high heat
(Residential) heat) low heat type) heat type) type)
2. Masonry 2. Masonry(low heat 2. Masonry(low,heat type' 2. Masonry(medium heat 2. Metal(smokestack)
(Residential) type) i3. Metal(smokestack) type)
3. Metal 3. Metal(smokestack) 3. Nfetal(smokestack)
(Residential)
TYPES OF APPLIANCE'S TO BE USED WITH EACH TYPE. CHIMNEY
COLUMN 1 COLUMN II COLUMN ill LUMN IY COLUMN Y
A. Residential type LA. All appliances shown All appliances shown in All applianceCOs shown in All applianms shown in
appliances,such in Column 1 Column,1 and 11,and ape Cohu ins 1.11 and Ill, Columns 1,11,Ill,and IV
as: IB. Nonresidential type li;mces such as: and applianes,such,o, and appliances such as:
1. Ranges building heating appli- 1. �1r n-ling baths for I. Alabaster gyypsum kilns L Bessemer retorts
2. Warm air fur- antes for heating a bard glass(fats,parr. 2. Annealing firnaees 2 Billet and bloom
paces total volume of space affin,salts,or metals) (glass or metes) furnaces
3. Water heaters exceeding 25,(IX)cuhic 2. hake ovens(in bak. '�. 3. Charcoal furnaces 3. Blast furnaces
4. Hot water feet cries) 4. Cold stirring furnaces 4. Bone calcining
heating boilersIC. Steam boilers operat- 3. Boiling rats,for w«xl 5. Feed driers(direct I furnaces
5. Low pressure I ing at not over 50 fibre,straw.lignin,etc. '.. fire heated) 5. Brass furnaces
steam heating PsiC pressing ma- 4. Candy furnaces 6 Fertilizer driers i direct 6. Carbon point
boilers(not chine boilers 5. Coffee roasting nren, fire heated) furnaces
over 15 psig) 1 6. Core ovens 7. Galvanizing ftrnace•s 7. Cement brick and
8. Domestic in- 7. Cruller(urnacos 8 Gas rnulnocrs tilt kilns
cinerators 8. Feed drying ovens 9. Hnrr'ening furnaces S. Ceramic kilns
7. Floor furnaces 9. Fertilizer drving ovens '. (cherrc to pale red) 9. Coal and water gas
8. Wall furnaces 10. Fireplaces.other thou 10, 1neiner:uors,commer- retorts
9. Room heaters residential type clad aw!industrial type (I0. Cupolas
10. Fireplace I i. Farge furnaces(solid 11. Lab a rs in(] y h ginroles 1 I. Earthenware kilns
stoves fuel) 12. Lime kiln. 12, Glass blow furnaces
TABLE NO.9-A-CHIMNEY SELECTION CHART
B. Fireplaces 12. Gypsum kilns 11Linseed oil boiling 13. Class furnaces
''.13. Hardening furnaces furnaces (smelting)
(below dark red) 14. Porcelain hiscuit kilns 14. Class kilns
14. Not air engine furnaces 15. Pulp driers(direct fire 15. Open hearth furnaces
15. Ladle drying furnaces heated) 16. Ore roasting furnace$
18. Lead melting furnace. '...16. Steam boilers operating 17, Porcelain baking and
17. Nickel plate(drying) at over 50 lb.per sq. i glazing kilns
furnaces I in.gage pressure ex. I& Pot-arches
18. Paraffin furnaces cept pressing machine 119. Puddling furnace$
19. Recuperative Furnaces boilers 20. Regenerative
(spent materials) 17. Water-glass kiln furnaces
20, Rendering furnaces I& Wood-distilling 2L Reverberatory
21. Restaurant type cook- furnaces furnaces
in appliances using 19. Wood-gas retorts 22. Stacks,carburetor or
solid or liquid fuel superheating fur-
22. Rosin melting furnaces naves(in water gas
23. Stereotype furnaces works)
24. Sulphur furnaces 23. Vitreous enameling
25, Tripoli kilns(clay, ovens(ferrous
coke and gypsum) I metals)
26. Type foundry furnaces 24. Wood carbonizing
27. Wood drying furnaces Furnaces
28. Wood impregnating
furnaces
29. Zinc amalgamating
f,maces
TABLE NO.9-8—VENTING SYSTEM SELECTION CHART
(Type of Venting System)
COLUMN 1
TYPE B,CRS COLUMN It COLUMN III
Ranna sr 0»I TYPE BW CAS TYPE L
All listed gas appli- 1. Cas burning wall j 1. Oil burning
ances with draft i heaters lister(for appliances listed
hoods such as: I use with Tvpe for use with
1. Central furnaces B\V vents Type I.vents
2. Floor furnae_es ?. Gas appliances
3. Heating boilers shown in Column
I. Hanizes and 1
()t'etIS
5. Beccsst•d wall
furnaces(ahme
wall iertion)
6. Boom and unit
heaters
7. Water heaters
TABLE NO.9•C—CONSTRUCTION,CLEARANCE AND TERMINATION REOUIREMENTS
FOR UNLISTED SINGLE WALL METAL CHIMNEYS
TERMINATION CLEARANCE
ABOVE ANY COMBUSTIBLE NONCOMBUSTIBLE
PART OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION
WALI UNINC BUWit! _
INTERIOR EXTERIOR INTERIOR EXTERIOR
CHIMNEYS SERVING MINIMUM THICKNESS OPENING t0' 25' SO' INST. INST. INST. INST•
Building Heating
and Industrial type b{fgs
Low-Heat Appli- Std None 3 2' 18" fi"
ances(1000 F.
operating-1400`F. 10 ga'
Temp.Maximum) 1.2 Up to 18"diameter,2"
Up to 18" Over 18"diameter,4"
Medium-Heat Indus- Mfgs dia—211
trial Type Appli- SO Over 18" 10, 10' 36" 24"
ances(2000 F. 10 ga. 1"1"on
Maximum) 1•s 4"•"bed
High-Heat Indus- Alfgs 41:"laid
trial Type Appli- SIC] on 41 s" 20' 20' See Footnote 1
ances(Over 2000`F.)1 2 10 ga. bed
Mfgs Not Per- Not Per-
Residential Type SO None 3' 2' mitred 18 milted 4
Incinerators 10 ga.
Chute-Fed,Flue- Mfggs 4't"laid T aboN e
Fed Commercial Std on'4;" sloping roof 10' 36" 24" Up to 18"diameter,2"
or Industrial Type 10 ga. bed or 8'above Over 18"diameter,4"
Incinerators 2.s flat roof
'See Table No. 9-A for type oI appliances to be used with each type of chimney.
'Lining shall extend from bottom to f to o chimney.
`Lining shall extend from 24 inch"below(imnectnr to 24 feet.),,e
'Clearance shall be as specified by the design engineer and shall have wf9cient clearance from htuldings and stoichnes to avoid.—heating
combustible materials(maximum 1601F.).
'Spark arrestors shall be provided in accordancr with suhiection 914 (f).
•W ...
-CHAPTER 10
DUCTS
NOTE: Tables in Chapter 10 appear at the end of the Chapter.
SCOPE
Sec. 1001. Every duct and plenum, which is a portion of any
heating, cooling, absorption, or evaporative cooling system, shall
comply with the requirements of this Chapter.
MATERIAL
Sec. 1002. (a) General. Circulating air and conditioned air
supply for heating, cooling, absorption or evaporative cooling
systems shall be conducted through a duct system constructed of
metal as set forth in Tables Nos. 10-A, 10-B, 10-C, or
nonmetallic ducts complying with U.M.C. Standard No. 10-1.
Ducts, plenums and fittings may be constructed of asbestos
cement, concrete, clay or ceramics when installed in the ground
or in a concrete slab provided all joints are tightly sealed.
Concealed spaces within a building may be used as circulating air
plenums when such spaces are of noncombustible material
provided vents, vent connectors and exposed combustible mater-
ials shall not extend into or through such spaces. Combustible
construction may be used for the circulating air ducts, plenums
or concealed spaces which serve a dwelling unit.
EXCEPTION: Ducts, duct insulation, and materials
having a flame spread of 25 or less and a smoke
development of 50 or less may be used inside the concealed
spaces forming air plenums.
"Polyethylene tubing having a U.L. 94V2 listing and where
the total weight does not exceed 1 pound per 1,000 square
feet and the density does not exceed 5 pounds in any one
16-foot radius may be used in the concealed spaces forming
air plenums when there is a product of combustion detector
located where the return air enters the equipment to stop
all air circulating in this space. Polyethylene tubing
enclosed in a rated metal pipe or raceway with all seams
and ends sealed with a sealant having a flame-spread of 25
and a smoke-development of 50 shall not be added into the
weight per 1,000 square feet or the density of any 16-foot
radius."
When approved by the Building Official, ducts and plenums
may be of independent construction or a part of the building
structure. Construction consisting of materials approved for
one-hour fire-resistive construction applied to the conditioned
air side of either combustible or noncombustible supports may be
used as duct and plenum walls. Where gypsum products are used
on the conditioned air side of ducts or plenums, the air in such
plenums shall have a temperature of not more than 1250F., nor
less than 500F., nor shall it be of humid condition so as to
adversely affect the material.
(b) Nonmetallic. Nonmetallic duct systems shall be approved
for the use intended or shall conform to the requirements of
U.M.C. Standard No. 10-1. Each portion of a nonmetallic duct
system shall be identified by a label or other suitable identifica-
tion.
Nonmetallic fiberglass duct systems shall conform to the
f ollowing:
1. Shall be Class 1 Air Duct in accordance with U.L. 181 Tests
as required by NFPA-90A. Facing material for round fiberglass
ducts and duct board shall have a perm rating not greater than
.05 perms. Facing material for insulated flexible duct shall have
a perm rating of not greater than.1.
Shall have a thermal conductivity (C) at 750F. of not greater
than.24. C=Btu/hr.sq. ft. deg. F. (ASTM C 177-71 test).
Shall not be installed where they will be exposed to the
weather.
7 Sl
Z. All joints shall be connected or stapled and taped in
accordance with the manufacture's instruction. Tape shall also
meet Class I Air Duct approval by U.L. 181 as required by NFPA-
90A.
3. Fiberglass duct systems shall be approved for air velocities,
water gage pressure and maximum air temperature in accordance
with the manufacturer's ratings.
4. All installations of rectangular fiberglass duct board, Types
475, 800 and 1400 shall be reinforced and suspended in
accordance with latest edition of manufacture's instructions.
(c) Joints and Seams of Round Ducts. Joints and seams of
round ducts shall be made substantially air tight with contact lap
of 1%Z inches on all slip joints. All round metal ducts fittings such
as starting collars from plenums, reducers, branch take-offs,
elbows, stack and grille heads, etc., shall be of approved factory
or shop manufacture. Starting collars shall be used for all round
metal duct take-offs. Round ducts shall terminate in the collar
of grille heads and ceiling outlets. All duct joints shall be first
taped and then firmly held in place by means of not less than
three metal screws equally spaced in each joint. Tapes used for
sealing joints shall not be more combustible than approved
flameproof fabric.
(d) .Metal. Every duct,plenum or fitting of metal shall comply
with the specifications in Table No. 10-A or Table No. 10-B.
EXCEPTION: Ducts, plenums and fittings for systems
serving single dwelling units may comply with Table No.
10-C.
(e) Tin. Existing tin ducts may be used when cooling coils are
added to a heating system,provided the first 10 feet of the duct
or plenum, measured from the cooling coil discharge, are
constructed of metal of the gage thickness set forth in Table No.
10-A, No. 10-B, or No. 10-C of this Chapter or are of approved
material and construction. Tin ducts completely enclosed in
inaccessible concealed areas need not be replaced. All acces-
sible ducts shall be insulated to comply with this Code. For the
purpose of this subsection, ducts shall be considered accessible
where the access space is 30 inches or greater in height.
(f) Vibration Isolators. Vibration isolators installed between
mechanical equipment and metal ducts (or casings) shall be made
of woven asbestos or approved material and shall not exceed 10
inches in length.
QUALITY OF MATERIAL
Sec. 1003. Galvanized steel coating shall be of a minimum
1.25 ounces per square foot, and shall conform to specifications
for zinc-coated galvanized steel sheets, coils or cut lengths
meeting the requirements of U.M.C. Standard No.4-2.
Every joint and seam and all reinforcement for every metal
duct and plenum shall be as set forth in Table No. 10-A or Table
No. 10-B and shall be substantially airtight. Joints and seams for
No. 28 and No. 30 gage ducts shall be as set forth for No. 26
gage ducts in Table No. 10-A.
Joints and seams for No. 28 and No. 30 gage round ducts shall
be as set forth in Table No. 10-B.
,.. .r
Every joint and seam and all reinforcement for every non-
metallic duct and plenum shall meet with the conditions of prior
approval for any nonmetallic duct system as specified in Section
1002. Joints and seams shall be substantially airtight.
INSTALLATION OF DUCTS
Sec. 1004. (a) Metal Ducts. All ducts shall be securely
fastened in place at every change of direction and as set forth in
Table No. 10-E. Vertical rectangular ducts and vertical round
ducts shall be supported as set forth in Table No. 10-E, Part I.
All riser ducts shall be held in place by means of metal straps
and/or angles and channels to secure the riser to the structure.
Metal ducts shall not be installed in or within 4 inches of the
ground. Metal ducts when installed in or under concrete slab
shall be encased in at least 2 inches of concrete.
Supports for rectangular ducts as set forth in Table No. 10—E
when suspended from above shall be installed on two opposite
sides of each duct and shall be riveted, bolted, or metal screwed
to each side of the duct at not more than the intervals specified.
Horizontal round ducts 40 inches or less in diameter when
suspended from above shall be supported at intervals not more
than as set forth in Table No. 10-E with one hanger installed to
comply with the requirements listed below:
1. Ducts shall be equipped with tight-fitting circular bands
extending around the entire perimeter of the duct at each
specified support interval.
2. Circular bands shall be not less than 1 inch wide nor less
than equivalent to the gage of the duct material it supports.
EXCEPTION: Ducts 10 inches and less in diameter may
be supported by No. 18 gage galvanized steel wire.
3. Each circular band shall be provided with a suitable means
of connecting to the suspending support.
4. Ducts shall be braced and guyed to prevent lateral or
horizontal swing.
(b) Nonmetallic Ducts. Approved Class 1 air ducts may be
installed in any occupancy covered by this Code. Approved Class
2 air ducts may be installed only in dwellings or apartment
houses where the duct system serves not more than one dwelling
unit.
Nonmetallic ducts shall not be used for vertical risers in air
duct systems serving more than two stories. Such ducts shall not
penetrate construction where fire dampers are required.
A Class 1 or Class 2 air duct shall not be installed in or on the
ground, in masonry or in concrete, except when installed as a
liner inside of concrete tile or metal pipe; nor shall they be
installed where exposed to physical damage.
Class 2 air ducts shall not be installed within 3 feet of a heat
exchanger.
The temperature of the air to be conveyed in any of these
classes of duct shall be not more than 2500F.
Ducts shall be labeled by the manufacturer as to their
compliance with U.M.0 Standard No. 10-1 and the class
designations thereof. These ducts shall be listed and shall be
installed in accordance with the terms of their listing.
•,.o law
Section 1005. Deleted
Section 1006. Deleted
VENTILATING CEILINGS
Sec. 1007. (a) General. Perforated ceilings may be used for
the supply of conditioned air within the limitations of this
Section. Exit corridors when required to be of fire-resistive
construction by Section 3304(g) of the Building Code, shall not
have ventilating ceilings.
(b) Requirements. Ventilating ceilings shall comply with the
following provisions:
1. The suspended ceiling material shall have a Class 1 flame-
spread classification on both the exposed and unexposed sides.
Such classification shall be determined in accordance with the
procedures set forth in the Building Code.
2. Lighting fixtures recessed into the ventilating ceiling shall
be of an approved type for that type of installation.
3. Except for the ceiling material, plenums shall be lined with
materials as specified in Section 1002(a) of this Code or approved
noncombustible material. Combustible material shall not be
exposed in such plenum.
The conditioned air supply in such plenum shall have a
temperature of not more than 1250F., nor less than 500F.
4. The suspended ceiling supports shall be of noncombustible
materials.
5. Where necessary to install electrical wiring within the
plenum, all wiring shall be in noncombustible enclosures regard-
less of the voltage carried.
USE OF UNDER-FLOOR SPACE AS SUPPLY PLENUM
Sec. 1008. If approved by the Building Official before
installation, an under-floor space may be used as a supply plenum
provided:
1. Use of such spaces shall be restricted to one-story portions
of single family residences.
2. Such spaces shall be not more than 24 inches in height to
the bottom of floor joist; shall be cleaned of all combustible
material, and shall be tightly and substantially enclosed.
3. The enclosing material of the under-floor space including
the side wall insultation shall be not more flammable than f-
inch (nominal) wood boards (flame-spread classification of 200).
Combustible ground cover shall be covered over with at least 2
inches of sand or other noncombustible material.
4. Access shall be through an opening in the floor and shall be
not less than 24 inches by 24 inches.
5. The furnace supplying warm air to such space shall be
equipped with an automatic control which will start the air
circulating fan when the air in the furnace bonnet reaches a
temperature not higher than 1500F. Such control shall be one
that cannot be set higher than 1500F.
6. The furnace supplying warm air to such space shall be
equipped with an approved temperature limit control that will
limit outlet air temperature to 2000F. -
7. A noncombustible receptacle shall be placed below each
floor opening into the air chamber, and such receptacle shall
conform to the following:
,.. ..
A. The receptacle shall be securely suspended from the floor
members and shall be not more than 18 inches below the
floor opening.
B. The area of the receptacle shall extend 3 inches beyond the
opening on all sides.
C. The perimeter of the receptacle shall have a vertical lip at
least 1 inch high at the open sides if it is at the level of the
bottom of the joists, or 3 inches high if the receptacle is
suspended.
8. Floor registers shall be designed for easy removal in order
to give access for cleaning the receptacles.
9. Exterior walls and interior stud partitions shall be fire-
stopped at the floor.
10. Each wall or floor register shall be connected to the air
chamber by a register box or boot with shield directly below the
register opening.
11. Supply ducts to the air chamber shall terminate not less
than 6 feet from the plenum chamber.
12. The entire ground surface of the under-floor space shall be
covered with a vapor barrier consisting of a minimum thickness
of four mils.
13. Fuel gas lines and plumbing waste cleanouts are not
located within the space.
AUTOMATIC SHUTOFFS
Sec. 1009. A device complying with U.B.C. Standard No. 43-
6, which will detect products of combustion other than heat and
which will shut down the equipment shall be placed in the main
circulating air duct on the downstream side of the filters and so
located as to operate in case of smoke in the air stream, or such
devices may be installed in each room or space served by a
return air duct. (U.B.C. Standard No. 43-6 is reprinted in this
Code.)
This requirement is applicable to each single system providing
heating or cooling operating in excess of 10,000 cubic feet per
minute in Group A, Divisions 1, 2 and 2.1; Group B, Division 2;
Groups E,I and Group R, Division 1 Occupancies more than three
stories in height or exceeding 36,000 square feet in basic floor
area. Whenever such a system serves more than one occupancy
group, such devices shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: When all rooms have direct exit to the
exterior of the building,such devices are not required.
TABLE NO.10•A—CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS FOR LOW PRESSURE
SYSTEMS WHERE VELOCITIES DO NOT EXCEED 2000 FEET PER MINUTE
For Pressures in Excess of 2Inches Water Column,Duct Wall Thickness Shall be Two Gages
Heavier Than Set Forth in This Table.
Duct specifications shown here are applicable when ducts larger than 18 inches are cross broken.Where cross breaking's
not used,duct wall thickness shall be two gages heavier on ducts 19 inches through 60 inches wide unless longitudinal
standing seams are used.
MINIMUM METAL GAGES
_-. -_ --. ._ I
U.S. Aluminum "'ooer Duct PERMISSIBLE GIRTH JOINTS AND LONGITUDINAL SEAMS
Standard B A S GOId Dimensien
Gage Gepe Rellttl (in Inches)
26 24(.020) 16 oz. Up tbrough 12 Dnvo Slip,Plain '.S' Slip,or 1 Po,,ket Lock
13 through IS Doi , Slip,I'Lon"S",tilip,or I"I',,,kct Lock
�Ilenrnmd"S"Slip, I"Bit Slip,or I Pocket bock on 5'centers
24 22(.i)25) 24 ur. Ilcuuncd"S"Slip,I"I3ar Slip,or 1"Pooket Lnek on 10'centers with 1"x 1"x
19 through,10 ';":owlt.s on center line bet--,n
I Ienun+A "i"Slip,1"Bar Slip,or 1"Pocket Lack on lo'eenterswithCross Break
I"Standing Scorn on 5'centers
I"Bar Slip,Reinforced R r blip,or Yrxkct Lak on 5'centers
1 I" Bar Shp,Beinfor,cd Bar Slip,or Yocket Lock on 10'centers with 1"x 1"x
54"angles on coutcr line behveen
:31 through 4`_ 1"st;oxling Scorn on.5'centcr,
Iuxidc Loogitulival Staudiug Seams with I"x 1"x 1,A"angles on 5'center on
22 20(.032) 32 ov. exterior
1's"Bar Slip,Reudoreed Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 4'centers
43 through 54 11s" Bar Slip, Reinforced Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 8'comers with 1',2"x
11-�„x 'x"angles on,eut•r hne bet—,n
1',2"Bar Slip,11eniforrnl Bar Slip,or Pocket Lock on 4'centers with Cross Break
I _„Sta,id it,g Scain on:3",cuter,
20 IS(.010) 36 or. 1 55I11rnngh.60 Nsidc I enigitudinal Standing;Scvn with I'':"x 1'4"x N"angles on 4'centers
of oxter
TABLE NO.10-A(Continued)
MINIMUM METAL GAGES -
Sn'y AluminumT1141111111
Cop R Duct PERMISSIBLE GIRTH JOINTS AND LONDITUDINAL SEAMS
eaS co4d Dimension
��� mice (In Inches)
Gen
Reinforced Bar Slip,Angle Slip,Alternate Bar Slip,or Angle Reinforced Pocket
Lock on 4' centers using 1' x 1'2"x'A" reinforcing angles and with
I':."x 11 s"x 1,+"angles on center line between
Reinforcexl Bit Slip,Angle Slip,,Alternate Bar Slip.or Angle Reinforcetil Pocket
18(.04t1)� 3tiuz, GI through n4 Lori, oo 8 .ioten a+ing 11e"x 1'e' x'fr" reinforcing angles and with
20
I z"x 1 - x 'angles_on centers in bctweCo
i r " Angle Reinforced Standing Seam oil centers using 1'12"x t'�rz"x
�� '....,. a iuforcing angles
I"kh.I'l citndinal tiLu„ling;Sr.nm wi111 1' s 11...,x 'k"'angles on 2'cen-
ti r,on v�I,,uor
Companion Angles,Angle Slip or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 1'.z"x
112"x companion:a reinforcing angles on 4'centers with 1l/a"x I Y'x
"angles oo renter line betwcx•n
Corpanion Angles,Angle Slip or Angle Reinforc,d Pocket Lock using 111"x
85 through 96 1' 'x ;l,"urmpamm or reinforcing angles on 8"centers with 1 t/rz'x 1 f2 x
angles oil 2'centers in bct vveu
1 1 angle Reinforced Standing Seam on 2' centers using 1 N x 1'.:"x a"
reinforcing anggles
Inside Longitrdinal standing Seams with 1 iz"x I f "x ill" angles on 2
centers on exterior
18 16(.050) 48 oz. — -- _
Companion Angles,Angle Slip or Angle Reinforced Pocket Lock using 2"x 2"x
companion or reinforcing angles on 4'centers with 2^x 2"x'la"angles
on center line between
Companion Angles,Angle Slip or Angle Beinforced Pocket Lock using 2"x 2"x
Over 96 1+"�companion or reinforcing ang es on 8'centers with 2"x 2"x 14"angles
2'on center line between
I Angle Reinforced Standing Seam on 2'centers using 2"x 2"x 114"rein-
forcing angles
Inside Longitudinal Standing Scams with 2"x 2"x 4"angles on 2'centers on
exterior
TABLE NO.10.8—CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR ROUND AND FLAT-OVAL DUCTS(LOW,MEDIUM AND HIGH PRESSURE)
Aluminum
SiS
DUCT Gage STEEL-GALVANIZED SHEET GAGE
DIAMETER tow Pressure tow Pressures Medium and High Prassure GIRTH JOINTS-
MAXIMUM _ _-___._—.. --_ __—�—T -_-___
WIDTH Minimum Girth
(in Inches) Spiral Longitudinal Welded Medium and Nigh Reinforcing,Mazimum
Round Round Fiat-Oval Seam Seam Fittings Pressure Spacing and Angle Size
I
Up to 9 24 26 24 26 2.1 ( 2"_ "'Slip None
9 to 14 21 26 24 24 22 20 1"Slip None
14 to 23 22 24 I 22 24 22 20 -1"Slip None
23 to 37 20 22 1 20 22 20 20 1"Slip None
1'+„x xgw.. 1'�„xlta
37 to 51 IS 20 18 20 _(Y 18 x
Flange on 72"
-51to61 16 18 16 \ 18 18 t't vLta„ctk„ xLr ex la
I � flan c` µ on 72"
1 1t ILngr x1e. x
1u,., ,, t,{e„
i t
61to84 14 L6 L4 X 16 t(i on48„
'For low pressure systems any of the follooing mints nee. host slip; pipe.lip; pip, I ck:roll ahp:mnp slip: plenum luck and
companion Haogo.
'Acceptable longitudinal seams for I--pn•ssure—fi,,n: Anne 1 gmovrd i;snap Iock;standing;wul spiral.
TABLE NO.10-C—GAGES OF METAL DUCTS AND PLENUMS
USED FOR HEATING OR COOLING FOR
ASINGLE DWELLING UNIT
Galvanized Steel
ERnivalent
Nominal Sheet AAlumi um
ThiInches Gage Aluminum
I(in Inches) No. S L 5 Gage
Round Ducts
and Enclosed
Rectaugular
Ducts
14"or less 0,016 30
Over 14' 0.019 28 24
Exposed Roc-
tw4ular Ducts
14"or less U.U19 28 2-1
Over 14" 0.022 26 2:3
TABLE NO.10•E—DUCT SUPPORTS
Part I—VERTICAL DUCTS
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
SIDE OF DIAMETER
RECTANGULAR METAL STRAP OR OF ROUND
DUCT ANGLE DRACRET DUCTS STRAPS
24" 1" ,ro" (Strap), 10" No. 1S gage gahandud
steel 2" wide
1"x:1(i" 1"x is 0, 2 No. 16 gag, gahanizrtl
Angle steel 2" ide l
1
aH' I 40" 4..steel x 11_,.
Angle
60" 1 t2 ` 1`= ' '" ' 60" e
Ankle h•rI x 2"'
(h c•r GO" Angle Oi er fitl" .. sh•ol,+?',
PART I I—HORIZONTAL DUCTS
Satne gage as ga11;01-
18" 1"a IS Gaga ize+l steel duct, I" wide
to" or \o. 18 gage galvan-
30" I x IS Gag,.' izcd ntcel xx ire uu IO'
centers
48 I"+' 00 Sallie gage as galvan-
ized steel duct• I" With
or No, 8 gagc galvan-
&0 1..x , ..' izcd meet ++ire tiod it,
40' 1-galvanized etrrl bond
80" I"+ t,�." ❑rouml tlnct uu 10're•n-
ters
Sit o.• gage as X;idian-
60" izcd steel duct, I f`�
wide on 6' centers
Sumo gage as galvau-
UvcrNT izcd steel duct, 1'2"
wide on 4'centers
PART III—HORIZONTAL DUCTS—TRAPEZE TYPE SUPPORTS
MAXIMUM
DIAMETER OF
ROUND DUCT
OR SIDE OF HORIZONTAL
RECTANGULAR SUPPORT
DUCT ANGLE' HANGER
36" 1'2"+ 1'e" '.k f" round rod or I'x i'c '., vtgle
48" 2' x 2" x `x !d"round rod or 1"v I"x Is"angle
60" 2" x " round vial or 1"x 1"x rib`ang1v
,a
84 2" 2' x 1€" 1, of r«1 or 1"x 1"x'e"angle
'Spaced venicall,not more than 12 feet on cemrt+.
=Spaced horizontally not more than 10 Feet on centers.
`Spaced not more than 8(set on centers.
♦ortAPTER 11 14W
VENTILATION SYSTEMS
SCOPE
Sec. 1101. Except as otherwise provided in this Code or the
Building Code, every ventilation system which is attached to or
is a part of a building shall conform to the requirements of this
Chapter and U.B.G. Standard No. 10-3 (see Appendix A.) For
Commercial Hoods and Kitchen Ventilation, see Chapter Z0.
GENERAL
Sec. 1102. Ventilation systems shall be designed and installed
so as to provide the capacity required by the Building Code.
Dampers provided to balance air flow in duct systems shall be
securely fixed in position so as to prevent operation of the
damper in such a manner as to restrict the flow of air through
the duct below the required volume or velocity.
A separate and individual system, which shall not be part of
any other system, shall be provided for ventilating each room
containing any of the following materials:
1. Noxious gases.
Z. Flammable vapors(including paint spraying residue).
3. Dust, stock and refuse conveying.
4. Corrosive fumes.
MOTORS, FANS AND FILTERS
Sec. 1103. Motors and fans shall be of sufficient capacity to
provide the required air movement as specified in the Building
Code. Electrical equipment shall be approved for the class of
use as provided in the Electrical Code. Every motor and fan
shall be so installed as to afford access for servicing or
maintenance.
Air filters, if required, shall be of a type that, in a clean state,
will not burn freely. Liquid adhesive coatings used on filters
shall have a flash point of 3500F., Cleveland open cup tester or
higher.
DUCTS
Sec. 1104. (a) General. Ducts shall be substantially airtight
throughout and have no openings other than those required for
proper operation and maintenance of the system.
The type of metal duct bracing and support shall comply with
Table No. 10-E. The distance of duct joints on center, the type
of duct transverse joint connections, and the type of duct lateral
seams shall comply with Tables No. 10-A and No. 10-B.
Every duct shall be securely attached to the building as set
forth in Table No. 10-E. Nails and similar attachment or screws
shall not be driven through the duct walls into the building
construction.
Ducts used for the ventilation of flammable vapors, corrosive
vapors, noxious gases or combustible dusts shall be supported by
noncombustible straps or hangers without penetration of the duct
wall.
(b) Materials and Construction. 1. Except as provided under
paragraphs Z,3, and 4 below, ducts shall be constructed of metal
as set forth in Table No. 10-A or Table No. 10-B, or be an
approved material and construction.
2. Ducts for flammable vapors and residue shall be construc-%w
ted of sheet steel as set forth in U.B.C. Standard No. 10-3 or
other approved noncombustible materials.
Ducts used for the ventilation of flammable vapors shall have
all joints and connections made tight by crimping or other
equally effective means, without the use of solder. All sections
of such ducts shall be securely joined.
3. Ducts and their fittings for abrasive and non-abrasive dusts
or solid materials shall be constructed of sheet metal as set forth
in U.B.C. Standard No. 10-3.
Where the use of aluminum duct is indicated, the B & S gage
number corresponding to U.S. Standard gage steel may be used as
follows:
'U.S. Standard
Gage for Steel 26 24 ZZ ZO 18
Brown & Sharpe
Gage for Aluminum 24 ZZ ZO 18 16
Every duct or plenum which is a portion of a ventilation
system used for exhausting any solid particles shall be construc-
ted so as to permit thorough cleaning of the entire duct system.
Any duct or plenum, having sections inaccessible from the duct
entry or discharge shall be provided with cleanout openings.
All cleanout openings shall be equipped with tight-fitting
sliding or hinged doors constructed of metal, having a thickness
not'less than that required for the duct. Such doors shall be
equipped with a substantial method of latching, sufficient to hold
the door tightly closed. Doors shall be so designed that they can
be opened easily without the use of a tool.
4. Duct systems of approved plastic material shall be used to
handle only nonflammable corrosive fumes and vapors.
The system shall be designed with consideration for flame
spread, minimum fire hazard, heat limitations and in accordance
with U.B.C. Standard No. 10-3.
(c) Clearances. All ducts shall have a minimum clearance of 1
inch from any combustible material, except where otherwise
provided in U.B.C. Standard No. 10-3.
(d) Exhaust Outlets. Every exhaust system shall terminate at
a point outside of the building not less than 5 feet from any
openable window or fresh air intake.
Exhaust outlets for ducts conveying noxious gases, flammable
vapors, or corrosive vapors shall terminate outside of the
building and at least 10 feet above the adjoining grade level.
Every such exhaust outlet which is located above the roof shall
extend at least 2 feet above the roof surface.
TOILET EXHAUST
Sec. 1105. (a) Toilet Ventilation. Toilets without natural
ventilation by means of openable exterior openings may have a
mechanical exhaust system having not less than the requirements
of Table 1Z-A, Note No. 5,6 and 7. Provisions shall be made for
makeup air.
(b) Toilet Exhaust Ducts. The air discharge duct shall not be
less than three inches (3") in diameter or an area of 9 square
inches and shall conform to all requirements of Chapter 10.
Ducts shall be of aluminum or galvanized steel. The amount of
elbows shall not exceed three or the equivalency when the
minimum duct size is used.
�.s r AW
CHAPTER 12
COOLING
General
Sec. 1201. Every cooling system and cooling unit shall
conform to the requirements of this Chapter and to the
applicable requirements of Part IV.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 1202. Cooling coils installed as a portion of, or in
connection with, any warm-air furnace shall be arranged to
comply with the requirements of Section 705.
Direct refrigerating systems containing Group Z refrigerants
shall not serve any air cooling or air conditioning system used for
human comfort.
When any cooling equipment, other than ducts and piping, is
suspended from the under-floor construction, a minimum clear-
ance of not less than 6 inches shall be provided between the base
of the equipment and the ground.
Except for piping, ducts, and similar equipment that does not
require servicing or adjusting, an unobstructed access and
passageway not less than 2 feet in width by 6 feet 6 inches in
height shall be provided to every cooling unit.
EXCEPTION: The access opening to a cooling unit
located in an attic space may be reduced to 30 inches in
length and width, provided the unit can be replaced from
this opening, or any other opening into this space or area.
An unobstructed working space not less than 30 inches in depth
and 6 feet 6 inches in height, shall be provided along the entire
firebox and control side of every cooling unit.
An unobstructed access space not less than 24 inches in width
and 30 inches in height shall be provided to every air filter, fuel
control valve, and air handling unit.
EXCEPTION: An access opening from this unobstructed
access space, which opens directly to such equipment, may
be reduced to 15 inches in the least dimension if the
equipment can be serviced,repaired and replaced from this
opening without removing any permanent construction.
An unobstructed access space not less than 24 inches in width
And 18 inches in height shall be provided to every cooling unit
vent collar, unless the vent collar is accessible from an access
panel approved with the unit.
Access to equipment located in a machinery room shall comply
with Section 1507.
In addition to the applicable provisions of this Section, access
to equipment located on a roof or on an exterior wall of a
building shall be provided as required for furnaces in Section 710
of this Code.
Where a fixed ladder serves equipment located in an attic
space, it shall lead directly to the required access opening and a
suitable handhold shall be provided in the attic directly above the
access ladder.
Where access is requi-�d to equipment located in an attic
furred space and the a(4.s is by means of a scuttle, the scutt,,,W
opening may be reduced to 30 inches in length and width provided
the equipment can be replaced from this opening.
Every passageway serving equipment located in an attic or
furred space shall have solid continuous flooring not less than 2
feet in width from the access opening to the required working
space and platform in front of the equipment.
Where access is required to equipment located in an under-
floor space, attic, or furred space, there shall be installed a
permanent electric light outlet and lighting fixture at, or near,
the equipment. This light shall be controlled by a switch located
at the required passageway opening.
EXCEPTION: This requirement shall not apply where the
fixed lighting for the building will provide sufficient light
for safe servicing of the equipment.
All drains shall be installed as specified in Section 510 of this
Code.
WORKING SPACE
Sec. 1203. All equipment requiring access thereto, as
specified in Section 1202, shall be provided with an unobstructed
space on the servicing side of the equipment of not less than 30
inches in depth and b feet b inches in height. (Note: Also see
the Electrical Code for working space requirements about
electrical equipment.)
EXCEPTION: The height of the working space may be
reduced to 30 inches for an air handling unit, air filter, or
refrigerant and brine piping control valves.
Working space for equipment located in a machinery room
shall comply with Section 1507.
CIRCULATING AIR
Sec. 1204. (a) Source. Circulating air shall be taken from
outside the building, or from the conditioned area inside the
building, or from both sources. Every cooling system regulated
by this Code, and designed to replace required ventilation, shall
be arranged to discharge into the conditioned space not less than
the amount of outside air specified in the Uniform Building Code.
See Table 12-A and 12-B for outside air requirements.
(b) Duct Systems. Circulating air for any blower type cooling
system shall be conducted through ducts complying with Chapter
10.
Corridors shall not be designed or used as an integral part of a
duct system when the corridor serves an occupant load of 30 or
more.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. One-story buildings housing Group B,
Division 2 Occupancies.
2. Corridors more than 30 feet in width where
occupancies served by such corridors have at least one exit
independent from the corridor.
(c) Separation. Except as provided in this Section, there shall
be a positive separation between any combustion air and the
circulating air for a blower-type cooling system.
Every combustion chamber opening shall be separated from
any fan plenum by an airtight separation without openings
therein, except through an air lock not less than lb square feet in
area, equipped with tight-fitting doors arranged to close automa-
tically.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to a fan plenum access
opening which does not exceed 24 inches by 30 inches (720
square inches) if the opening is equipped with a tight-
fitting panel or door.
(d) Prohibited Sources. The circulating air for any cooling
system or cooling unit shall not be taken from any of the
following locations.
..r %w
1. Closer than 10 feet from any appliance vent outlet, unless
such vent outlet is 3 feet above the circulating air inlet.
2. Where it will pick up objectionable odors, fumes, or
flammable vapors.
3. A hazardous or insanitary location or a machinery room.
4. From an area the volume of which is less than 25 percent
of the entire volume served by such system, unless there is
a permanent opening to an area the volume of which is
equal to 25 percent of the entire volume served.
5. From a room or space having any direct-fired, fuel-burning
appliances therein.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to a cooling system or
a cooling unit complying with all the following require-
ments:
Where the circulating air is taken from a room or space,
having a volume exceeding one cubic foot for each 10 Btu/h
input rating of all fuel-burning appliances therein; and
At least 75 percent of the conditioned air is discharged
back into the same room or space; and
Circulating air inlets shall not be located within 10 feet
of any appliance firebox or draft diverter in the same
enclosed room or space.
6. Closer than 10 feet from any vent opening for a plumbing
drainage system, unless the vent is at least 3 feet above
the circulating air inlet.
7. A closet.
(e) Circulating Air Limitation. Circulating air from one
dwelling unit shall not be discharged into another dwelling unit
through the cooling system.
(f) Air Velocity. Every cooling system coupled with a direct
fired furnace shall be so designed and constructed that air
velocity (in feet per minute) through filters shall not exceed the
filter manufacturer's recommendation. Filters shall be installed
in other than portable cooling units.
(g) Screen. Every required circulating air inlet from outside
the building shall be covered with screen having'%.-inch openings.
EXCEPTION: Any such circulating air inlet serving any
nonresidential portion of any building may be covered with
screens having openings not exceeding 1 inch in width.
CHILLED AND LOW TEMPERATURE - HOT WATER PIPING
MATERIAL
Sec. 1205. (a) Copper Pipe. Copper piping or tubing for,
chilled-hot-water piping, shall have a weight of not less than that
of Type L.
Underground copper joints shall be made with high tempera-
ture solder equal to silfos.
EXCEPTION: Type M Copper pipe or tubing may be used
when piping is not located under a concrete slab or
underground and the maximum pressure does not exceed 60
psi and the working temperature does not exceed 2100F.
(b) Steel Pipe. Steel piping shall be seamless or electric butt-
welded black or hot-dipped galvanized. The minimum strength
shall be "Standard Weight," Schedule 40 or 80 as necessary to
meet pressure requirements.
1. For one and one-half (1%) inch or smaller, use not less than
Schedule 80 if pipe is to be threaded. For working pressures in
excess of 300 psi use Schedule 80.
2. All underground pipe, also pipe sizes two and one-half (234)
inch psi and larger, shall have welded joints or be an approved
fitting. Piping change of direction shall be made with seamless
welding fittings or of Weldolet type. Mitered fittings are not
permitted unless approved by the Building Official.
(c) Asbestos Cement Pipe. Asbestos cement pipe may be
installed underground for this use, only when it is insulated and
joints sealed in a manner approved by the Building Official.
(d) Isolation Valves. Building structures served by chill-hot
water distribution system shall have all chilled-hot water
connections to each structure or space valved in such a manner
as to afford isolation of the structure or space from the system.
Gate valves shall be installed approximately two (2) feet outside
of the structure unless otherwise approved by the Building
Official. Valves shall be accessible through a concrete or cast
iron box, with top mounted flush with final grade when
underground.
PIPE INSULATION
Sec. 1206. See Chapter 25 for pipe insulation.
%W .W
*TABLE 12-A
MINIMUM FRESH AIR, AIR CIRCULATION AND EXHAUST
REQUIRED BY THE FORT WORTH BUILDING CODE
MINIMUM C.F.M. C.F.M. TOTAL AIR
GROUP OUTSIDE AIR/ CIRCULATED/
OCCUPANCIES PER/PERSON PER/PERSON
1.6.A 5 15
1.6.E 5 15
1.6.I 5 15
1.2.3.4.5.H 5 15
1.Z.4.5.B 5 15
For "R" Occupancy in lieu of required natural ventilation by
means of openable exterior openings as required by the Building
Code, a mechanical system may be provided for habitable rooms.
MINIMUM MINIMUM CIRCULATED
OCCUPANCY OUTSIDE AIR AIR CHANGES/HOUR
7.R 1/5 Total Air 2
Circulated
NOTE 1. For A, E, I, H, and B Occupancies the mechanically
operated circulating air system shall have the capability for
continuous operation. If the velocity of the air exceeds 10 feet
per second, the register shall be placed more than & feet above
the floor directly beneath.
NOTE 2. In all buildings or portions thereof where flammable
liquids are used, exhaust ventilation shall be provided sufficient
to produce four complete air changes per hour. Such exhaust
ventilation shall be taken from a point at or near the floor level.
NOTE 3. In all buildings used for the repair or handling of
automobiles operating under their own power, ventilation shall be
provided capable of exhausting a minimum of 1 cfm per square
foot. Additionally, each engine repair stall shall be equipped
with an exhaust pipe extension duct, extending to the outside of
the building, which, if over 10 feet in length, shall mechanically
exhaust 300 cubic feet per minute. Connecting offices and
waiting rooms shall be supplied with air free of exhaust fumes
and under positive pressure.
EXCEPTION: In public repair garages and aircraft hangars not
exceeding an area of 5000 square feet, the Building Official may
authorize the omission of such ventilating equipment where, in
his opinion, the building is supplied with unobstructed openings to
the outer air which are sufficient to provide the necessary
ventilation.
NOTE 4. In all enclosed parking garages, used for storing or
handling of automobiles operating under their own power and on
all loading platforms in bus terminals, ventilation shall be
provided capable of exhausting a minimum of 1.5 cfm per square
foot of gross floor area. The Building Official may approve an
alternate ventilation system designed to exhaust a minimum of
14,000 cfm for each operating vehicle. Such system shall be
based upon the anticipated instantaneous movement rate of
vehicles but not less than 2.5 percent (or one vehicle) of the
garage capacity. Automatic CO sensing devices may be
employed to modulate the ventilation system to maintain a
maximum average concentration of CO of 50 ppm during any
eight hour period, with a maximum concentration not greater
than 200 ppm for a period not exceeding one hour. Connecting
offices, waiting rooms, ticket booths, etc., shall be supplied with
air free of exhaust fumes under positive pressure.
New '%W
EXCEPTION: in gasoline service stations without lubrication
pits, storage garages and aircraft hangars not exceeding an area
of 5000 square feet, the Building Official may authorize the
omission of such ventilating equipment where, in his opinion, the
building is supplied with unobstructed openings to the outer air
which are sufficient to provide the necessary ventilation.
NOTE 5. For H and B occupancies toilets without natural
ventilation by means of openable exterior openings shall have a
vertical duct of not less than 100 square inches for the first
toilet with an additional 50 square inches for each additional
toilet, or a mechanically operated exhaust system which is
connected to the light switch, capable of providing a complete
change of air every 15 minutes. Such systems shall be vented to
the outside air and at the point of discharge shall be at least 5
feet from any openable window.
NOTE 6. For A, E, and I occupancies all enclosed portions,
dressing rooms and restrooms without natural ventilation by
means of openable exterior openings shall have mechanically
operated ventilating system to supply aminimum of required
outside air as noted in Table 12-A and such system shall have the
capability for continuous operation during such time as the
building is occupied. If the velocity of the air at the register
exceeds 10 feet per second, the register shall be placed more
than 8 feet above the floor directly beneath.
NOTE 7. For R occupancies without natural ventilation by
means of openable exterior openings for bathrooms, water closet
compartments, laundry rooms, and similar rooms, mechanical
ventilation system, connected directly to the outside, capable of
providing five air changes per hour, shall be provided.
,%W ..
*TABLE NO. 12-B
AVAILABLE SQUARE FEET PER OCCUPANT
Square Feet
Per
Use Occupant
Aircraft Hangars (No Repair) 500
Auction Rooms 7
Assembly Areas, Concentrated Use
(without fixed seats) 7
Auditoriums
Bowling Alleys (Assembly areas)
Churches and Chapels
Dance Floors
Lodge Rooms
Reviewing Stands
Stadiums
Assembly Areas, Less-concentrated Use 15
Conference Rooms
Dining Rooms
Drinking Establishments
Exhibit Rooms
Gymnasiums
Lounges
Skating Rinks
Stages
Children's Homes and
Homes for the Aged 80
Classrooms 20
Dormitories 50
Dwellings 300
Garage, Parking 200
Hospitals and.Sanitariums
Nursing Homes 80
Hotels and Apartments 200
Kitchen--Commercial 200
Library Reading Room 50
Locker Rooms 50
Mechanical Equipment Room 300
Nurseries for Children (Day-care) 50
Offices 100
School Shops and Vocational Rooms 50
Stores—Retail Sales Rooms
Basement 20
Ground Floor 30
Upper Floors 50
Warehouses 300
All Others 100
* Conforms to Table 33-A, Fort Worth Building Code
CHAPTER 13
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
GENERAL
Sec. 1301. Every evaporative cooling system shall comply with
this Chapter.
Except for Section 1204(e) and (f), every evaporative cooling
system shall be provided with circulating air as specified for
cooling systems in this Code.
All air ducts and fire dampers which are a portion of an
evaporative cooling system shall comply with this Code.
LOCATION
Sec. 1302. Every evaporative cooling system shall be installed
so as to minimize the probability of damage from an external
source.
Location of evaporative cooling systems shall comply with the
zoning ordinance.
ACCESS,INSPECTION, AND REPAIR
Sec. 1303. Every evaporative cooler shall be accessible for
inspection, service, and replacement without removing perma-
nent construction.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 1304. Every evaporative cooler supported by the building
structure shall be installed on a substantial level base and shall
be secured directly or indirectly to the building structure by
suitable means to prevent displacement of the cooler.
Every evaporative cooler supported directly by the ground shall
be isolated from the ground by a level concrete slab extending
not less than 3 inches above the adjoining ground level.
Every evaporative cooler shall be installed on a level base at
least 6 inches above the adjoining ground level and shall be
supported in an approved manner. Any modifications made to
the supporting framework of buildings as a result of the
installation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the
Building Code. Holes for penetrations of ducts, or for plenums
shall be at least 2 inches larger than the duct or plenum which
passes through. Openings in exterior walls shall be flashed in an
approved manner in accordance with the requirements of the
Building Code.
The minimum unobstructed total area of the conditioned air
ducts from an evaporative cooler shall be not less than the area
of the discharge opening of the cooler.
NOTE: For the purpose of the preceding paragraph, a volume
damper, grille, or register, installed for the purpose of control-
ling the conditioned air flow, shall not be considered an
obstruction.
DRAIN PIPING
Sec. 1305. All drains shall be installed as specified in Section
510 of this Code.
NOW ...
PART IV
REFRIGERATION
CHAPTER 14
ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
Sec. 1401. In addition to other provisions of this Code,
absorption equipment shall comply with the requirements of this
Chapter.
APPROVAL OF EQUIPMENT
Sec. 1402. Each absorption unit shall be approved for safe use
based upon applicable nationally recognized standards.
Approval shall be based on a label attached to the appliance
from an approved testing agency.
LABELS AND INSTRUCTIONS
Sec. 1403. Every fuel-burning absorption system shall bear a
label containing the following information:
1. Manufacturer's name.
Z. Model number.
3. Amount and type of refrigerant.
4. Factory test pressures or pressures applied.
5. Normal Btu/h input rating.
6. Minimum Btufh input rating for units having step or
automatic modulating controls.
7. Cooling capacity in Btu/h.
8. Type of fuel.
9. Symbol of the organization certifying the approval of the
equipment.
10. Instructions for the lighting, operation, and shutdown of the
system.
Every absorption system shall be installed to conform to the
conditions of its listing and to the requirements of this Code.
The installer shall leave the manufacturer's installation and
operating instructions attached to the unit.
LOCATION
Sec. 1404. Fuel-burning absorption systems shall not be
installed in the following locations:
1. In any room or space less than 12 inches wider than the
units installed therein, with a minimum clear working space
of not less than 3 inches along the sides, back and top of
the unit.
EXCEPTION: A replacement absorption system occupy-
ing the same or lesser floor area may be installed in the
same location as the existing absorption system, provided
the replacement does not violate other provisions of this
Code.
Z. In any hazardous location.
3. In any surgical operating room or medical treatment room.
4. Under any stairway.
5. In a Group A, B, E or I Occupancy, unless separated from
the rest of the building by not less than a One-hour Fire-
resistive Occupancy Separation.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Boilers or central heating plants
where the largest piece of fuel equipment does not exceed
400,000 Btu/h input.
2. Buildings not r e than one story in height of Group
B, Division 2 Occup*Mlcies with an occupant load of less"`
than 30.
3. Equipment installed on the roof of a building.
6. In any Group H Occupancy unless separated from such
occupancy by not less than a Two-hour Fire-resistive
Occupancy Separation. In Group H, Divisions 1 and 2
Occupancies, there shall be no openings in such separations
except for necessary ducts and piping.
7. In Group R, Division 1 Occupancies, unless separated from
such occupancy by not less than a One-hour Fire-resistive
Occupancy Separation.
EXCEPTION: A separation shall not be required for such
equipment serving only one dwelling unit.
8. In any room used, or designed to be used, as a bedroom,
bathroom, closet or in any confined space with access only
through such room or space.
Absorption systems containing any Group 2 refrigerant shall
not be located in any buildings unless installed within a
machinery room as provided in Chapter 15.
Absorption systems containing more than 20 pounds of a Group
2 refrigerant shall be located not less than 20 feet from any
door, window, or ventilating air inlet to any building.
EXCEPTION: This distance may be reduced provided the
required pressure relief device is arranged to discharge the
refrigerant in compliance with Section 1517.
Absorption systems and portions thereof shall not be located in
any elevator shaft, dumbwaiter shaft, or any shaft having moving
objects therein, nor in any location where it will be subject to
mechanical damage.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 1405. Fuel-burning absorption systems shall be installed
to conform with the conditions of approval.
Fuel-burning absorption systems located outside of a building
shall be completely enclosed in a weatherproof housing unless
approved for outdoor installation. The housing when constructed
of metal shall be of 24 gage galvanized sheet steel or aluminum
not less than No. 22 B & S gage supported on a substantial metal
frame. The housing shall be not larger than necessary to
properly cover and provide a minimum 6-inch clearance around
the unit or units enclosed therein, including all controls and draft
diverters.
Every absorption system supported from the ground shall rest
on a concrete slab extending not less than 3 inches above the
adjoining ground level.
Every absorption system shall be equipped with a factory
installed pressure relief device, either a fusible plug, a rupture
member, or a pressure relief valve.
A suitable and substantial metal guard shall be provided around
all flywheels, fans, pulleys and belts which are a portion of any
absorption system.
All refrigerant piping and fittings, brine piping and fittings,
which during normal operation could reach a surface temperature
below the dew point of the surrounding air and are located in
spaces or areas where condensation could cause a safety hazard
to the building occupants, structure, electrical equipment or
other equipment, shall be protected to prevent such damage.
DRAIN PIPING
Sec. 1406. All drains shall be installed as specified in Section
510 of this Code.
�'3
.,.,i %W
CHAPTER 15
MECHANICAL REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT
SCOPE
Sec. 1501. All mechanical refrigerating systems and equip-
ment shall conform to the requirements of this Code.
A label of an approved agency, which is attached to the
equipment, will be accepted as evidence that the equipment is
approved.
Refrigerating systems and equipment, including the replace-
ment of parts and alterations, shall comply with the provisions of
this Chapter.
REFRIGERANTS
Sec. 1502. The refrigerant used shall be of a type listed in
Section 1503 unless the Building Official finds that a proposed
refrigerant is no more hazardous to life, limb, health, or property
than the type listed.
CLASSIFICATION OF REFRIGERANTS
Sec. 1503. (a) Group 1. The following refrigerants shall be
classified as Group 1 refrigerants:
OF
FRIOFRANT CHEMICAL
DESIGNATION NAME FORMULA
R-11 Trichlorofiaoromcthnne CC:'P
R-12 CC1,F-,
B-1.3 Chimomfhmrometham, CCIF::
R-13B1 BromotriHunrowetham, CBIF.,
R-14 7-etrafiunromethane CP_�
B-21 DichloroHuoromethnnr C11(11_'
R-22 Chimodifluonnvethau, CHCIP-
R-30 I)ichlurnuiethanr ('11 CI:
(Mob,lone chloride)
11-113 rrichlorotriHnoroethauc CCI_I•'CCIF2
R-114 Dichlorotctraffimmethane CCIF_CCF,
R-115 (Noropentflumoethune CCIF_CF,I
R-C.318 Octafluol"cpclokitanc CaF„
R-500 Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCI&Fj CIfiCHF,
7.3.81.% and Ethyhdene
Fluoride,26.2',
11-502 ChImodifluonnncthane, Lal(:IF_-COF_CFa
48.8 n and Chi nropcntx-
tluoroethane,51.2 S
R-744 Carbon dioxide CO.
(b) Group 2. The following refrigerants shall be classified as
Group 2 refrigerants:
REFRIGERANT CHEMICAL
DESIGNATION NAME FORMULA
R-40 Methyl chloride CH:,CI
B-611 Methyl formate I ICOOC113
R-717 Ammonia 1Hn
R-764 Sulphur dioxide SO_
rr �
GENERAL
Sec. 1504. Supports for compressors and condensing units shall
be designed to safely carry the load of the equipment supported.
Supports from buildings or parts of buildings that are of
noncombustible construction shall be noncombustible.
Every compressor or portion of a condensing unit supported
from the ground shall rest on a concrete slab extending not less
than 3 inches above the adjoining ground level.
An unobstructed access opening and passageway, not less than
Z4 inches in the least dimension, shall be provided and main-
tained to every compressor, unless otherwise specified by thid
Code.
A suitable and substantial metal guard shall be provided around
all flywheels, fans, pulleys, and belts which are a portion of any
refrigerating machinery.
Refrigerating systems and portions thereof shall not be located
in any elevator shaft, dumbwaiter shaft, or any shaft having
moving objects therein, nor in any location where it will be
subject to mechanical damage.
Every room or space, other than a machinery room complying
with the requirements of this Chapter, in which any refrigerant-
containing portion of a condensing unit is located, shall be
provided with one of the following means of ventilation:
1. Permanent gravity ventilation openings of not less than 2
square feet total area, opening directly to the outside of
the building, or extending to the outside of the building by
continuous ducts.
Z. A mechanical exhaust system of ventilation arranged to
provide a complete change of air in such room or space at
least every ZO minutes and to discharge to the outer air.
EXCEPTION: This paragraph shall not apply to any
portion of a condensing unit in a room or space if the
cubical content exceeds 1000 cubic feet per horsepower of
the unit or where such room or space has permanent
gravity ventilation openings of 2 square feet minimum total
area to other rooms or spaces exceeding 1000 cubic feet
per horsepower.
Refrigerant compressors of more than one horsepower rating
shall be located not less than 10 feet from any exit in any Group
A, B, Division Z, E,I or R, Division 1 Occupancy unless separated
.by a One-hour Fire-resistive Occupancy Separation.
All refrigerant machinery piping and fittings, brine piping and
fittings which during normal operation could reach a surface
temperature below the dew point of the surrounding air and are
located in spaces or areas where condensation could cause a
safety hazard to the building occupants, structure, electrical
equipment, or any other equipment, shall be protected in a
manner to prevent such damage.
Compressors shall not be placed in any hazardous location.
'%W
GROUP 1 REFRIGERANTS
Sec. 1505.(a) General. Every condensing unit or combination
of refrigerant interconnected condensing units totaling 100 or
more horsepower rating which contain any Group 1 refrigerant
shall be enclosed in a machinery room. A system containing
more than the quantity of a Group 1 refrigerant allowed in
Section 1505 (b) shall be of the indirect type.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of this Section shall not
apply to: 1. Any condensing unit located outside of a
building or on the roof of a building and not less than 20
feet from any door, window, or ventilating air opening in
any building.
2. Any condensing unit located in a building used
exclusively for ice making or cold storage together with
the usual accessory rooms in connection therewith.
3. A Group B, Division 2 or 4 Occupancy, if the quantity
of refrigerant does not exceed 30 pounds for each 1000
cubic feet of space in the room in which the condensing
unit is located.
(b) Direct Systems. The maximum quantity of a Group 1
refrigerant in a direct system in all occupancies other than
Group I shall not exceed that set forth in Table No. 15-A.
Direct Systems in Group I Occupancies shall be limited to
systems each containing not more than 50 percent of the
permissible quantities of Group 1 refrigerants set forth in Table
No. 15—A. When the refrigerant-containing parts of a system are
located in one or more enclosed spaces, the cubical content of
the smallest enclosed humanly occupied space other than the
room in which the refrigeration equipment is located, shall be
used to determine the permissible quantity of refrigerant in the
system. Wher a refrigerating system has evaporator coils serving
individual stories of a building, the story having the smallest
volume shall be used to determine the maximum quantity of
refrigerant in the entire system.
When the evaporator is located in an air duct system, the
cubical content of the smallest humanly occupied enclosed space
served by the air duct system shall be used to determine the
permissible quantity of refrigerant in the system.
EXCEPTION: If the air flow to any enclosed space
served by a portion of an air duct system cannot be shut off
or reduced below one-quarter of its maximum, the cubical
contents of the entire space served by that portion of the
air duct system may be used to determine the permissible
quantity of refrigerant in the system.
TABLE NO.15-A—MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF
GROUP 1 REFRIGERANT FOR DIRECT SYSTEMS
MAXIMUM QUANTITY
IN LQ.PER 1000
REFRIGERANT CU.FT.OF NUMANEY
DESIGNATION NAME OCCUPIED SPACE
R-IL ll'ichloroffuurntnTh.mc 3.5
R-12 31
R-13 CldowtriBuorun,th;m
R-1.3R1 38
1144 ToraHuoromoh;mr 23
R-21 Dichlorofluormu.-throw 13
R 22 ChlorodiflunrcvnetLanc �
R-30 Dichloronmth.um
t 4fe•thplcnc chlorih
H-113 Trichlomtrifluuro,th,�n, 24
H-114 Dirhlorol4r.;iluuroofh:wc 1!
R-I15 ChiuroprntalLinrath;uir 10
H-C318 Oitafluoro(,�lolnd;u), 50
11-500 DichIorodifluuiu n,-thane 2(i
"a,KS% mul Eth,hdenc
Fluoridr,2(.2"
R-302 Uhlurodiff ioro.urtha,w. 30
48 8- .and Chlmoluw,i-
flnoroethanc,51.2'f
11-744 Carbon diomde II
GROUP 2 REFRIGERANTS
Sec. 1506. A mechanical refrigerating system or unit
refrigerating system containing a Group 2 refrigerant shall not
be located within a building unless all refrigerant-containing
portions of the system are enclosed in a machinery room. Such
systems when installed outside of a building shall be located at
least 20 feet from any exit, door, window, or ventilating air inlet
in any building.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to a building used
exclusively for ice making, cold storage, or for the
manufacturing or processing of food or drink, provided the
occupant load does not exceed one person per 100 square
feet of floor area served by such system.
Portions of refrigerating systems containing Group 2 refriger-
ants shall not be located in an exit.
MACHINERY ROOMS
Sec. 1507. Required machinery rooms shall be of at least one-
hour fire-resistive construction with all interior openings protec-
ted with fire assemblies having a one-hour fire protection rating.
Doors shall be self closing.
There shall be no direct opening between any machinery room
containing any Group 2 refrigerant and any room or space in
which there is an open flame, spark-producing device, or heating
surface in excess of 8000F. Every machinery room containing
any Group 2 refrigerant shall have at least two means of exit
located at least one-fifth the perimeter of the room apart. Exit
openings shall be not less than 3 feet by 6 feet 8 inches.
Every machinery room containing any Group 1 refrigerant shall
have at least one means of exit. Such exit opening shall be not
less than 3 feet by 6 feet 8 inches.
Every machinery room door shall open in the direction of
egress.
Every machinery room shall have an area of not less than 50
square feet.
An unobstructed working space not less than 2 feet 6 inches in
width and not less than 7 feet in height shall be provided around
not less than two adjacent sides of all moving machinery in any
machinery room.
MACHINERY ROOM VENTILATION
Sec. 1508. Every machinery room shall be provided with
means of ventilation to the outer air. Such ventilation shall be
either:
1. An exhaust system of ventilation arranged to provide a
complete change of air in such room at least once every five
minutes and discharge to the outer air at a location not less than
20 feet from any exterior door, window or ventilation air inlet in
any building.
Each exhaust ventilation system shall be controlled by a
readily accessible emergency ventilation switch located within 2
feet of the switch specified in Section 1509 and the switch shall
be labeled to comply with Section 1519, or
Z. Gravity ventilation openings to the outside of the building
having a cross-sectional area of one-twentieth of the floor area
of the machinery room, but in no case need the area of the
openings be more than 1000 square inches. Such openings shall
be so installed that approximately one-half of the required area
is located within 12 inches of the ceiling and one-half of the
required area is located within 12 inches of the floor of the
room. Every portion of the lower opening shall be horizontal or
slope downward from the opening in the machinery room to the
exterior of the building at or above the adjacent ground level.
�7
EQUIPMENT IN A MACHI*40W2Y ROOM "
Sec. 1509. Combustion air shall not be taken from a
machinery room. (See Section 603 (c).)
Electrical equipment or electrical control or control panel
other than listed below shall not be located in any machinery
room:
1. Lights and receptacles.
2. Machinery room exhaust fans and blowers.
3. Any refrigerating condensing unit or portion thereof.
4. Circulating pumps for condensers, cooling towers, or
cooling coils.
5. Air compressors serving only automatic controls within the
refrigerating or cooling system.
6. Electrically operated valves for the control of a refrigerant
or for the control of the circulation of a cooling fluid.
7. Blowers and fans for cooling towers or for condensers.
8. Any electric control or control panel for any of the above
items.
A readily accessible single emergency refrigeration control
switch shall be provided to shut off all electrically operated
machinery in any machinery room, except the exhaust ventilation
system complying with Section 1508. Such switch shall be
controlled from a point outside of, and within 10 feet of the
required opening to the machinery room it serves, and the switch
shall be labeled to comply with Section 1519. For other
requirements concerning the location of this switch, see the
Electrical Code.
REFRIGERANT PIPING, CONTAINERS, AND VALVES
Sec. 1510. All materials used in the construction and
installation of refrigerating systems shall be suitable for the
refrigerant in the system, and no material or equipment shall be
installed which will deteriorate due to the chemical action of the
refrigerant or the oil, or combination of both.
All copper and brass refrigerant piping valves, fittings, and
related parts used in the construction and installation of
refrigerating systems shall be approved for such use. (See
Refrigeration Piping in Equipment Standards, Appendix of this
Code.)
All iron and steel refrigerant piping shall comply with the
requirements of U.M.C. Standard No. 15-1. Pipe more than 2
inches iron pipe size shall be electric resistance welded, or
seamless pipe.
Pipe subject to working pressure in excess of 300 pounds per
square inch shall have a minimum wall thickness of not less than
that specified in U.M.C. Standard No. 15-1;Table No. 15-1-A for
Schedule 80 pipe.
Iron or steel refrigerant piping 1%-inch nominal size and
smaller and containing liquid refrigerant shall have a minimum
wall thickness of not less than that specified in U.M.C. Standard
No. 15-1; Table No. 15-1-A for Schedule 80 pipe, or Schedule 40
pipe if all field joints are welded.
Brass pipe, copper pipe and copper tubing shall conform to the
requirements of U.M.C. Standard No. 15-Z, Brass pipe and copper
pipe subject to working pressures in excess of 250 pounds per
square inch shall be not less than extra strong pipe. Copper
water tubing used for refrigerant piping shall be not less than
type K or L and shall be free from scale and dirt.
4'.1
'"W 4MW
Soft annealed copper tubing regulated by this Section shall be
not larger than 1-3/8-inch nominal size. No mechanical joint
shall be made on any material larger than 3/4-inch nominal
size.
Soft annealed copper tubing conveying any refrigerant shall be
enclosed in iron or steel piping and fittings or in conduit,
molding, or raceway which will properly protect such tubing
against mechanical injury from an exterior source.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of this Section shall not
apply to:
I. Tubing entirely within a refrigerator or tubing within
5 feet of a refrigerant compressor where so located that it
is not subject to external injury.
Z. Tubing serving a dwelling unit, when such tubing
contains Group 1 refrigerant and is placed in locations not
subject to damage from an external source.
ERECTION OF REFRIGERANT PIPING
Sec. 1511. Piping and tubing shall be installed so as to prevent
excessive vibration and strains at joints and connections.
All piping and tubing shall be securely fastened to a permanent
support within b feet following the first bend in such tubing from
the compressor, and within Z feet of every other bend or angle.
In every case, piping and tubing shall be supported at points not
more than 15 feet apart.
Refrigerant piping crossing an open passageway in any building
shall be not less than 7% feet above the floor unless against the
ceiling of such space.
All refrigerant piping and tubing shall be installed so that it is
not subject to damage from an external source.
Refrigerant piping and joints connected and installed in the
field shall be exposed to view for visual inspection and accepted
by the Building Official prior to being covered or enclosed.
EXCEPTION: This shall not apply to soft annealed
copper tubing enclosed in iron or steel piping conduit,
molding, or raceway provided there are no fittings or joints
concealed therein.
Copper tubing containing other than a Group 1 refrigerant
shall not be located in a public hallway, lobby, or stairway of any
building unless enclosed in iron or steel piping and fittings or in
metal rigid conduit.
EXCEPTION: This Section shall not apply to hard-drawn
copper tubing installed in locations where not subject to
injury from an external source.
All iron or steel refrigerant piping placed underground shall be
coated with sufficient asphalt paint or equal to inhibit corrosion.
Iron or steel pipe joints shall be screwed, flanged, or welded.
Screw joints shall be of an approved type. (See Pipe Threads in
Equipment Standards, Appendix of this Code.) Exposed threads
shall be tinned or otherwise coated to inhibit corrosion.
Welds shall be of an approved type. (See Refrigeration Piping
in Equipment Standards, Appendix of this Code.)
Copper or brass pipe of iron pipe size shall be screwed,
flanged, or brazed.
Every tubing joint and connection shall be a flared, lapped,
or swaged brazed joint.
EXCEPTION: Soldered joints may be used to connect
any valve located outside of an air conditioning duct or
plenum to adjoining tubing in any refrigerating system
containing Group 1 refrigerant other than carbon dioxide.
REFRIGERANT CONTAINERS
Sec. 1512. Every refrigerant container or evaporator which is
not a part of listed equipment, shall be constructed in accord-
ance with approved standards.
REFRIGERANT CONTROL VALVES
Sec. 1513. A stop valve shall be installed in the refrigerant
piping of every refrigerating system at the following locations:
1. At each inlet and outlet of every positive displacement
type compressor.
2. At each refrigerant outlet of every receiver.
3. At each refrigerant inlet of every pressure vessel contain-
ing liquid refrigerant and having an internal gross volume
exceeding 3 cubic feet, which vessel is a portion of a
refrigerating system equipped with a positive displacement
type of compressor.
Stop valves installed in refrigerant lines composed of copper
tubing 3/4 inch or less outside diameter, shall be securely
supported independent of the tubing or piping connected to such
valve.
PRESSURE LIMITING DEVICE
Sec. 1514. A pressure limiting device shall be installed on
every positive displacement refrigerant compressor which is a
portion of:
1. Any refrigerating system containing Group 2 refrigerant.
2. Any air cooled refrigerating system containing Group 1
refrigerant of 10 horsepower or more rating.
3. Any water cooled refrigerating system containing Group 1
refrigerant of three horsepower or more rating.
Every pressure limiting device shall stop the action of the
compressor it serves at a pressure not in excess of 90 percent of
the pressure set forth in Table No. 15-B for the kind of
refrigerant contained in such refrigerating system.
A stop or shut-off valve shall not be placed between any
pressure limiting device required by this Section and the
compressor it serves.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES--COMPRESSORS
Sec. 1515. The following compressors of the positive displace-
ment type shall be equipped with a relief valve:
1. Every Group 1 refrigerant compressor of 20 or more
horsepower rating which is a portion of any refrigerating
system operating at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per
square inch in the high pressure side of the system.
2. Every compressor which is a portion of any refrigerating
system containing any Group 2 refrigerant.
*4w '..
EXCEPTION: The requirements of this Sectiun shall not
apply to a compressor listed without such relief valve.
Every pressure relief valve shall be connected to the refriger-
ant discharge side of the compressor it serves, between such
compressor and any stop valve.
Every pressure relief valve required by this Section shall
discharge into the low pressure side of the refrigerating system
it serves or discharge to the outside of the building as required
by this Code. Any pressure relief device that discharges from
the high pressure side of the refrigerating system into the low
pressure side must be of a type that is not appreciably affected
by back pressure.
Every pressure relief valve required by this Section shall be set
to function at a pressure not in excess of the pressure set forth
in Table No. 15-B corresponding to the portion of the refrigera-
ting system in which such valve is located and the kind of
refrigerant contained in such system.
A stop or shutoff valve shall not be installed between any
pressure relief valve required by this Section and the compressor
it serves.
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES--PRESSURE VESSELS
Sec. 1516. Every pressure vessel over 6 inches in diameter
which may be shut off by valves from other parts of the system
shall be equipped with a pressure relief device or devices
complying with requirements of this Code.
Pressure vessels of 3 cubic feet or less gross volume containing
liquid refrigerant shall be equipped with either a pressure relief
valve, fusible plug, or rupture member, provided,however, that a
fusible plug is permitted only on the high pressure side of the
refrigerating system.
Pressure vessels having a gross volume of more than 3 cubic
feet shall be equipped with a pressure relief valve or rupture
member.
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 1517. Except as provided in this Section, every pressure
relief device for any refrigerant vessel shall be set to function at
a pressure not exceeding that set forth in Table No. 15-B for the
portion of the system to which the device is connected and for
the refrigerant in such container.
Pressure relief devices may be set to start to function at a
pressure not to exceed the design working pressure of the
pressure vessel as determined by the manufacturer and stamped
on the pressure vessel.
WHERE
C = Minimum required discharge capacity of the relief device
in pounds of air per minute.
D = Outside diameter of the vessel in feet.
L = Outside length of the vessel in feet.
f = Factor depending upon kind of refrigerant as follows:
Kind of Refrigerant Value of f
Ammonia 0.5
R-12, R-22, and R-500 1.6
R-502 2.2
All other refrigerants 1.0
v '%W
The size of the discharge pipe from the pressure relief device
shall be not less than the size of the relief device outlet. The
discharge from more than one relief device may be run into a
common header, the area of which shall be not less than the sum
of the area of the pipes connected thereto.
TABLE NO.1S8—PRESSURES FOR UNLISTED EQUIPMENT
COMPRESS" PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES
MEESSINGSSUREAND DEVICES OPERATING
DEVICEE L PRESSURE
DEVICE
OPERATING (S MM Mr
SIIRw
►NABBING _ Ink)
REFRIGERANT (I;�I-Ir MiEYi de Low Pits
Ammonia 225 2.30
Carbon Dioxide 1200 1:3..0 H00
Dichloroethylene 5 10 10
Dichloromethane _5 >0 311
(Refrigerant 1)
Ethyl Chloride 50 55 50
--- —
Trichloroethylene 25 30 30
- - - --
Trichloromonofluoromethane} 25 I 30 30
(Refrigerant 11)
Dichlorodifluoromethane 160 225 125
(Refrigerant 12)
Dichloromonofluoromethane 60 j 70 50
(Refrigerant 21)
Monoehlorodifluoromethane I 245 300 245
(Refrigerant 22) 1
------_ -- - -- -
{-
--- - -- ---
Trichlorotrifluoroethane 25 W 30
t Refrigerant 113)
Diehlorotetrafluoroethane 45 50 Sn
(Refrigerant 114)
Methyl Chloride 170 200 1 125
Methyl Formate 25 30 30
Sulphur Dioxide 125 150 95
Refrigerant 500 1 N1 225 125
Refrigerant 502 2-IS 300 1.50
Whenever the length of the discharge piping exceeds 50 feet,
such piping shall be increased one pipe size in diameter.
All piping and fittings used for any relief device discharge
piping system shall conform to this Code.
Every pressure relief device shall bear thereon:
1. Name or trademark of the manufacturer of such device.
2. The discharge or bursting pressure setting of such device
expressed in pounds per square inch gage.
3. The minimum diameter of the discharge outlet or opening
of such valve.
4. The discharge capacity of the pressure relief device in
pounds or air per minute.
Every pressure relief valve shall be set and sealed by the
manufacturer of such valve or any such valve may be set and
sealed in a laboratory approved by the Building Official, provided
such valve is properly relabeled.
Every pressure relief device required by this Section for any
pressure vessel of 3 cubic feet gross volume or more containing
Group 1 refrigerant or any pressure vessel containing any group 2
refrigerant shall discharge to the atmosphere at a location not
less than 15 feet above the adjoining ground level and not less
than 20 feet from any window, ventilation opening, or exit in any
building.
.., Now
Every pressure relief device required by this Section shall be
connected as close as practir ible to the refrigerant container or
evaporator it serves and abr,ve tht• refrigerant level in such
container or evaporator.
A stop or shutoff valve shall not be placed between any
pressure relief device required by this Section and the pressure
vessel it serves.
Sec. 1518. Deleted
LABELS
Sec. 1519. In addition to labels required elsewhere in this
Code, every refrigerating system shall be provided with labels
complying with the requirements of this Section.
Every condenser, receiver, absorber, accumulator and similar
equipment of more than 3 cubic feet gross volume and containing
any Group 2 refrigerant shall be equipped with a permanent label
setting forth the type of refrigerant in such vessel. Every vessel
having a gross volume of more than 10 cubic feet and containing
any Group 1 refrigerant shall be equipped with a permanent label
setting forth the type of refrigerant in such vessel.
Every manifold or distributing panel shall have a permanent
label setting forth the refrigerating equipment controlled by
each valve on such panel.
All exposed refrigerant piping shall be labeled at intervals of
not more than 30 feet apart plus a label in every area through
which the piping extends specifying the refrigerant in such
piping.
EXCEPTION: The provisions of this Section shall not
apply to:
1. Piping in brine tanks.
2. Piping in that portion of any building used exclusively
for ice making, cold storage, r for the processing of any
material by means of refrigenuion.
Every refrigerating system, which is required to be located in
a machinery room, shall be equipped with permanent labels
having letters not less than Y4 inch in height designating the
following equipment:
1. The main power disconnect switch for such refrigerating
system.
2. Every remote control device for any such main power
switch.
3. The main shutoff valve for each liquid refrigerant contain-
er.
4. Every pressure limiting device and pressure relief device
located outside the room or space in which the refrigerant
container it serves is located.
Every exhaust ventilation system control switch required to
be installed to comply with Section 1508 shall have a permanent
label reading: "Emergency Refrigeration Switch."
r
Every control switch provided to shut off all electrically
operated machinery in a machinery room, as required by Section
1509, shall have a permanent label reading: "Emergency
Refrigeration Switch."
In every refrigeration machinery room and for every direct
refrigerating system of more than 10 horsepower there shall be
placed a permanent sign within 10 feet of the compressor giving
the following information:
1. Name of contractor installing equipment.
2. Kind of refrigerant in system.
3. Amount of refrigerant in system.
Every pressure relief device required by this Code shall be
labeled to comply with Section 1517.
TESTING OF REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT
Sec. 1520. All refrigerant-containing portions of every field
assembled refrigerating system intended or installed to operate
at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure shall be subjected
to a test pressure of not less than the pressure set forth in Table
No. 15-C for the kind of refrigerant in such system.
Pressure tests required by this Section shall not be less than
the lowest setting of any pressure relief device installed in the
side of the system it is protecting.
The requirements of this Section shall not apply to:
1. Any refrigerating system containing ZO pounds or less of
Group 1 refrigerant.
Z. Safety devices, pressure gages, compressors, and control
mechanisms which have been factory tested.
3. Pressure vessels constructed in accordance with approved
standards.
The test pressure applied to any refrigerant container shall not
exceed two and one-half times the design working pressure
stamped on such container.
The high pressure test for any refrigerating system intended to
contain any refrigerant not listed in Table No. 15-B shall be not
less than the saturated vapor pressure of such refrigerant at a
temperature of 1500F. In no case shall the test pressure be less
than 30 pounds.-
Every refrigerating system installed to operate at a pressure
below atmospheric pressure shall be required to maintain a
partial vacuum in the system equal to the pressure of a column
of mercury not less than 20 inches in height.
Every refrigerating system shall sustain the test pressure
specified in this Section for a period of not less than 10 minutes
after the pressure imposing equipment has been cut off or
disconnected.
Every pressure test for those portions of any refrigerating
system to contain ammonia or carbon dioxide shall be made with
air or dry gas.
Refrigerating systems shall not be tested with oxygen.
Brine piping may be tested with air, water, or dry gas.
.r "W
All brine piping which is a portion of any refrigerating system
shall be tested to a pressure of not less than 100 psi for a period
of 10 minutes.
Additional tests of any refrigerating system may be demanded
by the Building Official when deemed necessary to insure the
safety of such system.
Every test required by this Section shall be conducted by the
owner or contractor in the presence of the Building Official.
TABLE NO.15•C—FIELD LEAK TEST PRESSURES IN PSI
RISK PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE
REFRISERAKT TEST TEST
Ammonia - - 300- �150
Carbon Dioxide 1500 1000
Dichloroethylenc• 30-- 30
Dichloromethane(Refrigerant 1) 30 30
( I
Ethyl Chloride i 60 I 50
Trichloroethyleue 30 3R
i
Trichloromonofluoromethane j 30
(Refrigerant 11)
' I
Dichlorodifluoromethane 235 14O
(Refrigerant 12)
Dichloromonofluoromethane { 70 C 40
(Refrigerant 21)
Monochlorodifluoromethane 300 150 -
(Refrigeraut 22)
Trichlorotrifluoroethane 30 i 30
(Refrigerant 113)
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 50 t 50
(Refrigerant 114)
K
Methyl Chloride 210 120
Methyl Formate 50 50
Sulphur Dioxide 176 85
Refrigerant 500 225 125
Refrigerant 502 300 150
%Mw .W
CHAPTER 16
STORAGE OF REFRIGERANTS
GENERAL
Sec. 1601. All refrigerants in excess of the amounts within an
approved refrigeration system shall be stored in a machinery
room in their original approved containers, and shall not exceed
the amount contained in the system; in no event shall the storage
exceed 300 pounds.
EXCEPTION: The provisions of this Section shall not
apply to any refrigerant in any scientific laboratory during
tests and experiments nor to refrigerant in the actual
process of manufacture.
Whenever refrigerant is removed or withdrawn from any
refrigerating system it shall be discharged into an approved
shipping container.
A portable refrigerant container shall not be connected to any
refrigerating system for a period longer than is necessary to
charge or discharge such refrigerating system.
*.. ..�
CHAPTER 17
COOLING TOWERS
GENERAL
Sec. 1701. Every cooling tower shall comply with the
requirements for roof structures as specified in the Building
Code.
Cooling towers or evaporative condensers which are equipped
with a positive water discharge to prevent excessive build-up of
alkalinity and are used for water-cooled condensing units or
absorption units shall discharge this water into an approved
disposal system.
All water supply, waste, water, piping and connections shall
comply with provisions of all applicable codes and ordinances.
DRAIN PIPING
Sec. 1702. All drains shall be installed as specified in Section
510 of this Code.
.w 1%W
PART V
MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 18
INCINERATORS
DEFINITIONS
Sec. 1800. As used in these regulations, the following words
shall have the meaning ascribed in this Section as follows:
1. ASME — American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345
East 47th Street, New York, New York.
2. ASTM -- American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916
Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
3. Existing — as applied to any equipment, contrivance, or
installation being in operation or under construction as of the
effective date of this Code, for the purpose of burning waste.
4. Incineration—Means an operation in which combustion is
carried on for the principal purpose, or with the principal result,
of oxidizing a waste material to reduce its bulk or facilitate its
disposal.
5. Incinerator—Any article, machine, equipment, contrivance
structure, or part of a structure used to burn refuse or to process
refuse material by burning.
6. Multiple chamber incinerator — Any incinerator used to
dispose of combustible refuse by burning and consisting of two or
more fire brick or refactory-lined chambers in series, physically
separated by fire brick or refractory walls, interconnected by gas
passage ports or ducts, and employing adequate design para-
meters necessary for maximum combustion of the material to be
burned, the refractories shall have a Pyrometric Cone Equivalent
to 31 tested according to the method described in the ASTM
Method C-24-56.
7. New — as applied to any equipment, machine, device, or
contrivance or installation, shall not mean "existing" as defined
herein.
8. Open Burning -- The burning of any materials wherein air
contaminants resulting from combustion are emitted directly
into the ambient air without passing through a stack or chimney
from an enclosed chamber. For the purposes of this definition, a
chamber shall be regarded as enclosed when during the time
combustion takes place, only such apertures, ducts, stacks, flues
or chimneys as are necessary to provide combustion air and to
permit the escape of exhaust gases.
9. Particulate matter -- Any material, except uncombined
water, which exists in a finely divided form as a liquid or solid at
standard conditions.
10. Process weight — The total weight of all materials
introduced into an incinerator, excluding liquids as gases used
solely as fuels, and excluding air introduced for purposes of
combustion.
11. Refuse (Waste) -- Garbage, rubbish, trade wastes, leaves,
salvageable material, agricultural wastes, and all other combus-
tibles capable of combustion in a incinerator.
12. Ringlemann Chart-- "Ringlemann's Scale for Grading the
Density of Smoke" as published in U.S. Bureau of Mines
Information Circular 2333.
13. Smoke -- Small gas-borne particles resulting from
combustion, consisting of carbon, ash, and other material.
GENERAL
Sec. 1801. Incinerators for the reduction of refuse, garbage,
or other waste materials shall be installed in accordance with the
provisions of this Chapter. Materials and structural design shall
meet the requirements of this Chapter.
For the purpose of this Code, wastes are classified into the
following types, with information as to their approximate heating
value and moisture content included as a guide to the selection
of proper equipment to best incinerate a particular waste.
Incinerators are classified by their capacities and by the type of
wastes they are intended to incinerate.
Type O -- A mixture of highly combustible waste, such as
paper, cardboard, cartons, wood boxes, and combustible floor
sweepings, from commercial and industrial activities. The
mixtures contain up to 10 percent by weight of plastic bags,
coated paper, laminated paper, treated corrugated cardboard,
oily rags, and plastic rubber scraps.
This type of waste contains not more than 10 percent
moisture, 5 percent noncombustible solids, and has a heating
value of 8,500 Btu's per pound fired.
Type 1 -- A mixture of combustible waste, such as paper,
cardboard, cartons, wood scrap, foilage, and combustible floor
sweepings, from commercial and industrial activities. The
mixture contains up to 20 percent by weight of restaurant or
cafeteria waste, but contains little or no treated papers, plastic,
or rubber wastes.
This type of waste contains not more than 25 percent
moisture, 10 percent noncombustible solids, and has a heating
value of 6,500 Btu's per pound as fired.
Type 2 -- Waste consisting of an approximately even mixture
of Type 1 waste and garbage, Type 3 waste, by weight.
This type of waste is common to apartment and residential
occupancy, consisting of up to 50 percent moisture, 7 percent
noncombustible solids, and has a heating value of 4,500 Btu's per
pound as fired.
Type 3 -- Garbage, consisting of animal and vegetable wastes
from restaurants, cafeterias, hotels, hospitals, markets, and like
installations.
This type of waste contains up to 70 percent moisture, up to 5
percent noncombustible solids, and has a heating value of 2,500
Btu's per pound as fired.
Type 4 -- Human and animal remains, consisting of carcasses,
organs, and solid organic wastes from hospitals, laboratories,
abattoirs, animal pounds, and similar sources consisting of up to
85 percent moisture, 5 percent noncombustible solids, and having
a heating value of 1,000 Btu's per pound as fired.
Type 5 -- Byproducts waste, gaseous liquid, or semi-liquid,
such as tar, paints, solvents, sludge, fumes, etc., from industrial
operations, Btu values must be determined by the individual
materials to be destroyed.
Type 6 -- Solid byproduct waste,such as rubber, plastics, wood
waste, etc., from industrial operations. Btu values must be
determined by the individual materials to be destroyed.
SMALL DOMESTIC TYPE
Sec. 1802. Incinerators of small uninsulated domestic type
installed indoors shall be constructed, mounted, installed, and
vented according to the applicable requirements for room
heating stoves burning solid fuel and room heaters burning liquid
fuel as specified in Chapters 5, 6, 8 and 9 of this Code, except
that mounting shall be on a noncombustible and fire-resistive
floor, and minimum clearances to combustible materials shall be
36 inches above, 48 inches in front, and 36 inches in back and at
sides. The requirements of this Section shall also apply to
incinerators installed as a part of other appliances.
Incinerators of small domestic type, or those that are a part of
another appliance, which have been tested and approved by an
approved testing agency and approved for installation on a
combustible floor or with lesser clearances shall be installed in
accordance with the conditions of such approval and shall be
connected to a chimney complying with the requirements of
Chapter 9•
EXCEPTION: Existing unlined chimneys having not less
than 4-inch nominal brick walls, may be used for the
venting of domestic gas-fired freestanding incinerators
when such chimneys meet the other requirements of this
Chapter and have been approved and inspected by the
Building Official.
Outdoor incinerators of small domestic type and their location
shall be approved.
INCINERATORS USING THE FLUE AS A REFUSE CHUTE
Sec. 1803. Incinerators in which no fuel other than normal
refuse, except a gas flame or similar means to accomplish
ignition, is used for ccm hustion, and in which the chute and
smoke flue are identical, shall have the enclosing walls of the
combustion chamber constructed of clay or shale brickwork not
less than 4 inches thick when there is a horizontal grate area of
not more than 9 square feet, and not less than 8 inches thick
when there is a horizontal grate area exceeding 9 square feet
and, in each case, a lining of firebrick not less than 4 inches
thick, with an air space, in the case of the thicker wall, between
the clay or shale brick and the firebrick sufficient to provide for
expansion and contraction.
The combined chute and flue shall be constructed as required
for incinerator chimneys in Section 3702 (d) 5, of the Building
Code. Such chute and flue shall be constructed straight and
plumb, and finished smooth on the inside. All flues shall
terminate in a substantially constructed spark arrester having a
mesh not exceeding 3/4 inch.
Firebrick shall be laid in fireclay mortar.
Service openings into the chute shall be equipped with
approved self-closing hoppers so constructed that the openings
are closed off while the hopper is being charged and no part will
project into the chute or flue. The area of the service opening
shall not exceed one-third of the area of the chute or flue.
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL TYPE INCINERATORS
STORAGE ROOMS UP TO 350 LBS. WASTE
Sec. 1804. Incinerators in which the maximum hourly
destruction rate of Type 1 waste or its equivalent does not
exceed 350 pounds per hour, shall have refuse storage rooms
separated from other parts of the building by walls, floors and
ceiling assemblies, having a fire-resistance of not less than one
(1) hour. Storage rooms shall be used only for the storage of the
waste to be destroyed or the storage of waste materials
containers.
.r ..r
STORAGE ROOMS OVER 350 LBS. WASTE
Sec. 1805. Incinerators in which the maximum hourly
destruction rate of Type 1 waste or its equivalent exceed 350
pounds per hour shall have refuse storage rooms separated from
other parts of the building by walls, floor and ceiling assemblies
constructed of noncombustible material have a fire-resistive
rating of not less than two (2) hours.
1. Door shall be fire-resistive, Class A, and shall have a U.L.
approved door closer with fusible link.
2. Storage room shall be used only for the storage of the
waste to be destroyed or the storage of waste materials
containers.
DOORS
Sec. 1806. Doors or other openings in rooms containing
incinerators communicating with other areas shall be protected
by approved self-closing automatic fire doors suitable for Class B
openings.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS
Sec. 1807. (a) Automatic Sprinklers. Automatic sprinklers are
recommended and a short length of hand hose connected to a
suitable water supply shall be located in the incinerator storage
room.
(b) Piping Prohibited. Piping shall not be installed in
incinerator refuse storage rooms.
EXCEPTION: Sprinkler piping, lighting circuit conduit or
domestic water hose connection.
LOCATION
Sec. 1808. Incinerators, other than those used in one and two-
family dwellings, shall be located outside of any building.
Minimum distance from incinerator casing to any combustible
material shall be maintained at thirty-six inches (36").
EXCEPTION: An incinerator may be located within an
enclosed structure, provided the enclosure is windowless
and is fire-resistive construction conforming to Sections
1804 and 1805. Door openings shall conform to Section
1806.
COMBUSTION AIR FOR INSIDE INSTALLATIONS
Sec. 1809• Combustion and/or ventilation ducts or openings
shall be protected by automatic fire dampers suitable for Class B
openings when penetrating fire-resistive construction. Air ducts
extending from an incinerator room shall be constructed and
protected in accordance with Chapter 10. Opening for combus-
tion air duct shall have a free area of not less than 0.5 square
foot per 500,000 Btu's per hour incinerator burning rate.
CHIMNEYS
Sec. 1810. Metal chimneys for incinerators shall conform to
the requirements of Section 914.(e)(2).
LABEL AND LOAD USAGE
Sec. 1811.(a) Demonstration. The burning capacity of an
incinerator shall be the manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed
maximum rate, for the type of wastes to be consumed, and shall
be demonstrated in an opacity performance test witnessed by the
Air Pollution Authority for a period of not less than one hour per
test.
Purchaser and/or user 11 not operate incinerator in excer
of manufacturer's rated lelpacity when burning a designate'
waste of types 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Burning capacity of
incinerator for the type of waste to be consumed shall be posted
on the incinerator by the manufacturer.
(b) Multiple Chamber. An incinerator shall not be used for the
burning of waste unless such incinerator is a multiple chamber
incinerator or approved by the Board. Existing incinerators
which are not multiple chamber incinerators may be altered,
modified or rebuilt as necessary to meet this and the following
performance requirements.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Single chamber incinerators may be
used in Class I Occupancies only.
2. Single chamber incinerators are acceptable in any
occupancy when using the principle of waste gasification
and its destruction by burning. When installed in capacities
of over 500 pounds per hour, they shall be equipped with an
automatic charging device which will not disturb the air
mixture of the combustion chamber during a charging of
waste.
VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Sec. 1812.(a) Stack Emission. No person, firm or corporation
may cause or permit the emission of smoke or particulate matter
from the stack or vent of any incinerator in excess of the
following.
1. Sources of visible emissions from gray or black smoke with
an opacity as much as,or greater than,Ringlemann No. 1 on the
Ringlemann Smoke Chart for a period of three (3) minutes out of
sixty(60) minutes of operation.
2. Sources of visible emissions other than gray or black with
an opacity of No. 1 on the Ringlemann Smoke Chart for a period
of three (3) minutes out of sixty (60) minutes of operation.
3. 0.2 grains of particulate matter per standard dry cubic foot
of flue gas.
(b) Odor Emission. Incinerators shall be designed and operated
so that all gases, vapors and entrained effluents shall be
maintained at a temperature entering the stack or vent from the
incinerator adequate to prevent the emission of objectionable
odors. Other methods of odor control that are equally effective,
when approved, are acceptable.
PERFORMANCE TEST
Sec. 1813.(a) Test. A performance test to determine
compliance with the Ringlemann smoke and/or an opacity
requirement of this Code (Section 1812) shall be witnessed by a
representative of the Air Pollution Control Authority who shall
authorize the opening of each new incinerator, and each existing
incinerator modified or rebuilt.
(b) Particulate. The amount of particulate matter emitted
from an incinerator shall be determined according to the ASME
Power Test Codes, PTC-27 dated 1957 and entitled"Determining
Dust Concentration in a Gas Stream" In calculating the amount
of particulate matter in stack gas, the loading shall be adjusted
to 12 percent carbon dioxide in the stack gas. The carbon
dioxide produced by burning any liquid or gaseous fuel in
auxiliary burners shall be excluded from the calculation to 12
percent carbon dioxide. Emissions shall be measured when the
incinerator is operating at the maximum burning capacity as
defined in Section 1811.
(c) Waste Sample. A representative sample of the waste
normally generated and introduced into the incinerator shall be
available for use in the performance tests specified in this
Section. An amount of material sufficient for ninety (90)
minutes continuous operation of the incinerator at full-rated
capacity for the refuse to be handled, shall be provided by the
user for the test.
PERMIT
Sec. 1814. A permit shall be obtained from the Mechanical
Inspection Department before the installation of any incinerator
or the modification or rebuilding of an existing incinerator. An
application for permit to install, modify or rebuild shall be made
in writing by the vendor and accompanied by plans and
specifications covering the unit. To qualify for a permit, new
incinerators shall comply with the following requirements.
(a) Unit Chambers. Unit shall be a multiple chamber
incinerator as defined in Section 1800.
(b) Unit Lining. All chambers of the unit shall be fully lined
with a minimum of four and a half inches (4 %") of fire brick or
refractory.
(c) Unit Case. Unit shall be fully steel-cased with adequate
insulation between steel casing and interior refractory so that no
part of the casing shall exceed a temperature of two hundred
(200) degrees F. when the unit is operated at full-rated capacity.
Steel incinerator stacks shall be lined with insulating refractory
and not exceed the external temperature of two hundred (200)
degrees F.
(d) Burners. Unit shall employ at least one primary and one
secondary burner. Burners shall be capable of pre-heating and
operating in compliance with Section 1812.
(e) Combustion Air. Unit shall include positive means of
supplying primary and secondary air for combustion in an amount
not less than 150 percent theoretical air for combustion of the
type refuse to be burned at full-rated capacity of the unit.
APPROVAL
Sec. 1815. Issuance of a permit will not constitute approval of
the incinerator by the Air Pollution Control Authority. Approval
to operate the incinerator will be issued by the Air Pollution
Authority after satisfactory compliance with Section 1812 and
Section 1813.
OPERATION
Sec. 1816. Permission to operate the unit may be revoked at
any time by the Air Pollution Control Authority in the event the
unit is not maintained and operated in compliance with Section
1812.
OTHER TYPES
Sec. 1817. Incinerators of types other than those regulated
above shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the
requirements of the Building Code, except that special large-
capacity incinerators and refuse burners used in connection with
sawmills and woodworking plants and other applications shall
have special approval of the Building Official.
CHAPTER 19
MISCELLANEOUS HEAT-PRODUCING; APPLIANCES
RANGES
Sec. 1901.(a) Vertical Clearance Above Cooking Top. Domes-
tic freestanding or built-in ranges shall have a vertical clearance
above the cooking top of not less than 30 inches to unprotected
combustible material. When the underside of such combustible
material is protected with asbestos millboard at least Y4 inch
thick covered with sheet metal of not less than No. 28 U.S. gage
or a metal ventilating hood, the distance shall be not less than 24
inches. When the ventilating hood is designed for a duct
connection, the duct must terminate outside the structure.
Hoods which are factory designed with filters for recirculating of
the air may be used in lieu of exhausting to the outside.
(b) Horizontal Clearance of Built-in Top Cooking Units. The
minimum horizontal distance from the center of the burner
head(s) of a top (or surface) cooking unit to adjacent vertical
combustible surfaces extending immediately above the counter
top shall be not less than that distance specified by the
permanent marking on the unit.
OPEN TOP BROILER UNITS
Sec. 1902. Listed open top broiler units and hoods shall be
installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's
instructions.
An exhaust duct and fan having a minimum capacity of 100
CFM per square foot of hood intake area shall be installed for a
barbecue unit and when such duct penetrates a ceiling or a floor
it shall be enclosed in a fire-resistive shaft covered on one side
as required for a one-hour fire-resistive construction with no
combustible material used inside the fire protection. Such shaft
shall be separated from the duct by a minimum 1—inch air space
vented to the outside air and the duct shall terminate not less
than 18 inches above the roof surface. A minimum clearance of
24 inches shall be maintained between the cooking top and the
combustible material and the hood shall be as wide as the open
top broiler unit and be centered over the unit.
CLOTHES DRYERS
Sec. 1903.(a) Exhaust Duct. Where a clothes dryer is
connected to a moisture exhaust duct, it shall be installed in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions and recommenda-
tions.
A clothes dryer moisture exhaust duct shall not be connected
into any vent connector, gas vent, or chimney.
Ducts for exhausting clothes dryers shall not be put together
with sheet metal screws or other fastening means which extend
into the duct.
Moisture exhaust ducts shall not terminate beneath the
building or in the attic area.
(b) Domestic Clothes Dryers. Domestic clothes dryers shall be
exhausted to the outside if located in an area that is habitable or
containing other fuel-burning appliances.
(c) Commercial Clothes Dryers. All commercial clothes dryers
shall exhaust to the outside.
Exhaust may be through the wall or roof, provided with an
approved lint catcher, terminating in a rainproof outlet.
Combustion air for fuel-fired dryers shall conform to the
requirements of Table 6-A. Combustion air shall be taken from
the outside.
In addition, circulating air for the dryers shall also be taken
from the outside. A minimum area of one (1) square inch shall be
provided for each ten (10) cubic feet per minute of dryer air.
Duct for inlet or discharge air shall conform to Chapter 6.
A minimum clear passage of two feet (Z') shall be available at
the rear of units for servicing the dryer.
DIRECT GAS-FIRED MAKEUP AIR HEATERS
Sec. 1904. (a) General. Direct gas-fired makeup air heaters
may be installed in all occupancies using heated makeup air from
the outside.
EXCEPTION: Such equipment shall not supply any
occupancy containing sleeping quarters.
(b) Exhaust. The design of the installation shall include
adequate provision to permit makeup air heaters to operate at
rated capacity by providing properly designed relief openings or
an interlocked power exhaust system.
(c) Approval. Each appliance shall be approved by the Building
Official for safe use or comply with applicable nationally
recognized standards as determined by an approved testing
agency.
(d) Air. All air handled by such equipment, including
combustion air, shall be brought in from outside.
(e) Plans. The installer shall submit plans showing the
proposed installation, indicating the location of the heater and
such accessories as may be required to insure the proper and safe
performance of its function.
(f) Filters. All air passing through or over the burners shall be
outside air and screened or filtered to prevent leaves, papers, or
other objects from being picked up from the outside, ignited, and
discharged into the heated space.
(g) Clearance. Such equipment shall be installed so as not to
raise the temperature of surrounding combustible material to
higher than 90 F. above ambient.
DUCT FURNACES--IN COOLING STSTEMS--FUEL BURNING
Sec. 1905. (a) Duct Furnace Location. Fuel burning duct
furnaces shall not be installed on the negative pressure side of a
blower but may be installed on the positive pressure side and
downstream from cooling coils or air washers if the heating
element is made of corrosion-resistant material. Stainless steel,
ceramic-coated steel, or an aluminum-coated steel in which the
bond between the steel and the aluminum is an ironaluminum
alloy, are considered to be corrosion-resistant. Air washers
operating with chilled water which deliver air below the dew
point of the ambient air at the appliance are considered as
cooling systems.
Now ../
(b) Approval. All fuel burning duct furnaces shall be approved
and carry the seal of the American Gas Association (AGA). A
plate indicating the approved clearances shall be mounted on the
heater.
(c) Condensate Drain. Furnace shall have a condensate drain
outlet in the bottom of the unit. Drain outlet shall discharge
through a non-ferrous line to a floor drain, or other approved
drain outlet.
(d) Safety Devices. Each duct heater shall be equipped with a
limit switch, having a top setting of 250 degrees. Wiring to gas
valve shall be installed in such a manner that the gas valve will
not open unless the fan circuit is energized. An air flow switch,
suitable for system velocity, shall be located in the duct between
the fan and heater and incorporated in the gas valve wiring
circuit to assure the flow of air through the heater before the
main gas valve opens.
(e) Supports. Heaters shall be erected in accordance with
their listing, and shall be safely and adequately supported with
due consideration given to their weight. Hangers, brackets and
stands shall be of non-combustible material.
(f) Access Panels. The ducts connected to duct furnaces shall
have removable access panels on both the upstream and
downstream sides of the furnace -- minimum size of access
panels 11" x 13".
INFRA-RED HEATERS
Sec. 1906. In direct vented gas-fired heaters (Infra-Red), not
requiring an individual flue pipe, shall be installed only in spaces
which have a minimum infiltration of one air change per hour for
general ventilation. Provision shall be made for ventilation air
to be discharged from high points under the roof or other
approved location. See Sec. 807.(c) for further location
requirements and see Sec. 605 for combustion air.
1. Threshold value of CO shall nut exceed 59000 ppm in
accordance with ASHRE GUi& Minimum ventilation require-
ments to maintain this condition when burning either natural gas
or propane is 4.2 CFM per 1,000 Btu's. Exhaust opening for
removing flue products shall be above the level of the infra-red
heaters.
Z. When automatic recycling controls are not an integral part
of the heating unit, it shall be furnished with 100 percent shut
off.
3. Infra-Red heaters, when vented to the outside of the
enclosing building, shall be vented with a listed vent pipe and
cap. Method of venting shall conform to the manufacturer's
recommendations or the vent cap shall be increased one size
larger than the vent pipe using an approved adaptor.
... NOW
CHAPTER 20
COMMERCIAL HOODS AND KITCHEN VENTILATION
DEFINITIONS
Sec. 2001. For the purpose of this Chapter the following
definitions shall apply:
COMMERCIAL FOOD HEAT-PROCESSING EQUIPMENT is
equipment used in a food establishment for heat-processing food
or utensils and which produces grease vapors, steam, fumes,
smoke or odors which are required to be removed through a local
exhaust ventilation system.
GREASE COLLECTOR is a device other than a filter used to
remove grease and other contaminants from the air before it
enters the duct system.
GREASE FILTER is a device used to capture by entrapment,
impingement, adhesion, or similar means, grease and similar
contaminants before they enter a duct system.
HOOD is any air intake device connected to a mechanical
exhaust system for collecting grease vapors, fumes, smoke,
steam, heat or odors from commercial food heat-processing
equipment.
TYPE I is a kitchen grease hood.
TYPE II is a general kitchen hood for collection of steam,
vapor, smoke,heat or odors.
KITCHEN VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Sec. 2002.(a) Materials. Ducts and plenums serving a Type I
Hood shall be constructed of not less than No. 16 Manufacturers
Standard Gage Steel, or stainless steel not lighter than No. 18
Manufacturers Standard Gage steel.
All joints and seams, except the vibration isolation connector,
shall be made with a continuous grease tight weld or braze made
on the external surface of the duct system. Vibration isolation
connector shall not be used unless it consists of a metal sleeve
joint packed with asbestos rope and its design is acceptable to
the Building Official.
Ducts and plenums serving Type Il hoods shall be constructed
as set forth in Tables Nos. 10-A and 10-B. Duct bracing and
supports shall comply with Table No. 10-E.
Ducts exposed to the outside atmosphere and subject to
corrosion shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the
Building Official against such corrosion. Galvanization of metal
parts, protection by noncorrosive paints, and waterproof insula-
tion are considered acceptable methods of protection.
(b) Prevention of Grease Accumulation. Duct systems serving
a type I hood shall be so constructed and installed that grease
cannot become pocketed in any portion thereof, and the system
shall slope not less than%inch per lineal foot toward the hood or
toward an approved grease reservoir. Where ducts exceed 75
feet in length the slope shall be not less than one inch per lineal
foot. When a centrifugal fan is used it shall be positioned so the
discharge outlet is in a bottom horizontal position and the air
shall be so diverted that there will be no impingement on the
roof, other equipment or parts of the structure.
Nmw NOW
(c) Cleanouts and Other Openings. Duct systems shall not have
openings therein, other than those required for proper operation
and maintenance of the system. Any portion of such system
having sections inaccessible from the duct entry or discharge
shall be provided with adequate cleanout openings. Cleanout
openings shall be equipped with tight-fitting doors, constructed
of steel having a thickness not less than that required for the
duct. Doors shall be equipped with a substantial method of
latching, sufficient to hold the door tightly closed. Doors shall
be so designed that they can be opened without the use of a tool.
(d) Duct Enclosure. Ducts serving a Type I hood which
penetrates a ceiling, wall or floor shall be enclosed from the
point of penetration to the outside air as required for shaft
enclosures in the Building Code. The shaft or enclosure shall be
separated from the duct by a minimum of 3 inches and a
maximum of 12 inches and this area shall be ventilated to the
outside air. Such enclosure shall be used exclusively to enclose a
single grease exhaust duct system.
(e) Fire-resistive Access Opening. When cleanout openings are
located in ducts within a fire-resistive shaft or enclosure, access
openings shall be provided in the shaft or enclosure at each
cleanout point. These access openings shall be equipped with
tight-fitting sliding or hinged doors which are equal in fire-
resistive protection to that of the shaft or enclosure.
(f) Air Velocity. Duct systems serving a Type I hood shall be
designed and installed in a manner to provide an air velocity
within the duct system of not less than 1500 feet per minute, and
not to exceed 2500 feet per minute.
(g) Separation of Duct Systems. A separate duct system shall
be provided for each Type I hood, except that a single duct
system may serve more than one hood located in the same story
of the building provided that all hoods served by the system shall
be located in the same room or adjoining rooms; portions of the
interconnecting ducts shall not pass through any construction
which would require the opening to be fire protected as specified
in the Building Code.
(h) Clearances. Duct systems serving a Type I hood shall have
a clearance from combustible construction of not less than 18
inches. This clearance may be reduced to not less than 3 inches
provided the combustible material is protected with materials as
approved by the Building Official for one-hour fire-resistive
construction on the duct side.
(i) Electrical. Motors, fans, and exhaust outlets for grease
hood duct systems shall comply with all applicable requirements
as specified in the Electrical Code.
0) Exhaust Outlets. Exhaust outlets for ducts serving
commercial food heat-processing equipment, shall extend
through the roof unless otherwise approved by the Building
Official. Such extension shall be at least 2 feet above the roof
surface, at least 10 feet from any adjacent building, adjacent
property line, or air intake opening into any building, and shall be
located at least 10 feet above the adjoining grade level.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Exhaust outlets for ducts serving
commercial food heat-processing equipment may terminate
not less than 5 feet from any adjacent building, adjacent
property line or air intake opening into a building if the air
from the exhaust outlet is discharged away from such
location.
2. Upon approval of the Building Official, the exhaust
from any hood serving commercial food heat-processing
equipment may terminate in a properly engineered air
recovery system for recirculation to the room in which the
hood is located.
'"W *40'
(k) Fu€1-burning Appliances. When vented fuel-burning
appliances are located in the same room or space as the hood,
the vent shall be arranged to prevent the hood system from
interfering with normal operation of the appliance vent.
HOOD
Sec. 2003. (a) Where Required. Hoods shall be installed at or
above all commercial type deep fat fryers, broilers, fry grills,
steam jacketed kettles, hot-top ranges, ovens, barbecues, rotis-
series, dishwashing machines, and similar equipment which
produce comparable amounts of steam, smoke, and grease or
heat in a food processing establishment. For the purpose of this
Section a food processing establishment shall include any building
or portion thereof used for the processing of food but shall not
include a dwelling unit.
EXCEPTION: Those establishments using cooking equip-
ment designed for domestic use, excluding griddles and
deep fat fryers, are required to meet only those require-
ments for domestic equipment in Sec. 1901 and 1902.
(b) Materials and Installation. Every Type I or R hood shall be
constructed of galvanized steel, stainless steel, copper or other
material approved by the Building Official for the use intended.
Type I hoods constructed of galvanized steel shall be of not less
than No. 22 Manufacturers Standard Gage. Type II hoods used
for the capture of steam, vapor, smoke, heat or odors shall be
constructed of not less than No. 24 Manufacturers Standard Gage
steel. All hoods constructed of copper shall be of copper sheets
weighing not less than 24 ounces per square foot. All hoods
constructed of stainless steel shall have an equivalent thickness
of not less than 0.030 inch.
Thermal recovery units or other devices may be installed in
ducts or hoods or located in the path of travel of exhaust
products when specifically approved or listed for such use. Such
devices shall riot increase the fire hazard, nor shall it allow an
accumulation of grease buildup.
Every hood shall be securely fastened in place by noncombus-
tible supports.
Every joint and seam shall be substantially tight. Solder shall
not be used except for sealing a joint or seam.
EXCEPTION: See Sec. 2003 (g) Exception #2.
(c) Cleaning and Grease Gutters. Every hood shall be so
designed when installed to provide for thorough cleaning of the
entire hood. When grease gutters are provided, they shall drain
to a collecting receptacle, fabricated, designed, and installed to
be accessible for cleaning.
(d) Clearances. Every portion of a Type I hood shall have
clearance from combustible construction of not less than 18
inches. This clearance may be reduced to not less than 3 inches
provided the combustible material is protected with materials as
specified for one-hour fire-resistive construction on the hood
side. Hoods less than 12 inches from the ceiling or wall shall be
flashed solid with approved metal.
Type I hoods or portions thereof penetrating a ceiling, wall or
furred space shall comply with all the requirements of Section
2002 (d).
(e) Grease Filters. Type I hoods shall be equipped with
approved grease filters or grease extractors designed for the
specific purpose. All grease collecting equipment shall be
accessible for cleaning. The height of the lowest edge of a
grease filter located above the cooking surface shall be not less
than that set forth in Table No. 20-A.
.W .r
EXCEPTION: Grease filters in a non-canopy hood,
located above the cooking surface having less clearance
than required by Table No. 20-A shall be tested and listed
for its clearance and shall be approved by the Building
Official.
Filters and grease extractors shall be of such size, type and
arrangement as will permit the required quantity of air to pass
through such units at rates not exceeding those for which the
filter or unit was designed or approved. Filter units shall be
installed in frames or holders with handles by which they may be
readily removed without the use of tools, unless designed and
installed to be cleaned in place and the system is equipped for
such cleaning in place. They shall be sized and made removable
so they may be passed through a dishwashing machine or cleaned
in a pot sink and so arranged in place or so provided with drip
intercepting devices as to avoid grease or other condensate from
dripping into food or on food preparation surfaces.
Filters shall be installed at an angle not less than 45 degrees
from the horizontal and shall be equipped with a drip tray
beneath the lower edge of the filters.
(f) Canopy Size and Location. For canopy type commercial
cooking hoods the inside edge thereof shall overhand or extend a
horizontal distance of not less than b inches beyond the edge of
the cooking surface on all open sides and the vertical distance
between the lip of the hood and the cooking surface shall be not
more than 4 feet.
EXCEPTION: Listed grease extractors are to be
installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and
manufacturer's instructions.
(g) Capacity-of Hoods. For canopy-typed commercial cooking
hoods the ventilation system shall exhaust through the hood a
minimum quantity of air as determined by either of the following
formulas:
NUMBER OF EXPOSED SIDES FORMULA
4 (central hood) Q = 150A
3 or less Q = 100A
Formula Alternate: Q = 50 PD
WHERE:
A = The horizontal surface of the hood in square feet.
P = That part of the perimeter of the hood that is open,
in feet.
D = Distance, in feet, between the lower lip of the hood
and the cooking surface.
Q = Quantity of air in CFM.
EXCEPTION: Listed grease extractors are to be
installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and
the manufacturer's instructions.
EXCEPTION #2: Type I and Type Il commercial hood
exhaust systems may have a minimum of two-thirds of the
listed air quantity when designed by an engineer, registered
by the State of Texas, and approved by the Building
Official. The air quantity must be of a sufficient amount
to provide for capture and removal of all grease, heat and
moisture laden vapors. Test data or performance or both,
acceptable to the Building Official, shall be provided upon
request.
1%W
(h) Velocity for Non-canopy Hoods. In addition to all other
requirements for hoods specified in this Section, the volume of
air exhausting through a non-canopy type hood to the duct
system shall be not less than 300 cubic feet per minute per lineal
foot of cooking equipment. Listed grease extractors are to be
installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and the
manufacturer's instructions. In no case shall the velocity of air
at the cooking surface be less than 30 feet per minute.
(i) Makeup Air. Each room provided with an exhaust system
shall have air supplied to the room equal to the amount of air to
be exhausted. Makeup diffusers shall be located to prevent a
short-circuiting of air furnished to the exhaust system. Windows
shall not be used for the purpose of providing makeup air. The
exhaust and makeup air systems shall be connected by an
electrical interlocking switch. Makeup air from outside shall be
washed and/or filtered before entering a food preparation area.
MOTORS, FANS, SAFETY DEVICES AND TEMPERED AIR
Sec. 2004. (a) General. Motors and fans shall be of sufficient
capacity to provide the required air movement as specified in
this Chapter. Electrical equipment shall be approved for the
class of use as provided in the Electrical Code. Every motor and
fan shall be so installed as to afford access for servicing or
maintenance. Motors shall not be installed within ducts or under
hoods.
(b) Fire Extinguishers. Approved fire-extinguishing equipment
shall be provided for the protection of duct systems, grease
removal devices, and hoods. Cooking equipment which may be a
source of ignition of grease in the hood, grease removal device,
or duct (such as fat fryers, ranges, griddles and broilers), shall
also be protected by approved extinguishing equipment. If
acceptable to the Building Official that portion of the fire-
extinguishing system required for protection of the duct may be
omitted when all cooking equipment is served by listed grease
extractors. The extinguishing equipment shall include the
following:
1. Automatically operated fixed pipe systems, or other auto-
matic systems specifically listed for the hazard. Listed
fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance
with the terms of their listing and the manufacturer's
instructions. Other fire-extinguishing equipment shall be
installed in compliance with the applicable standards.
2. Approved portable inert gas or dry chemical extinguishers.
3. A permit shall be obtained from the Building Inspection
Division before the installation of a fire extinguishing
system is started. The hood and exhaust system must be
approved by the Building Official before the installation of
a fire extinguishing system.
4. Only licensed and permitted installers employed by certi-
fied firms shall install U.L. approved automatic fire
extinguishing systems.
5. Plans of the fire extinguisher system, indicating the U.L.
approved system model identification, and all other details
including nozzle and link locations, shall be submitted by a
State certified firm to the Building Inspection Division
before a permit will be issued.
6. All cooking equipment located under exhaust hoods shall
have automatic fuel and heat shutdown in accordance with
the following:
An automatic gas shutoff valve must be installed to shut
off all gas in the event of system activation. It shall
require manual reset to restore the gas supply to equip-
ment.
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An automatic electric shutoff shall be installed on all
electrically heated fat fryers, which must interrupt the
electrical supply upon system activation.
7. The certified fire-protection installer shall furnish automa-
tic electric micro-switch shutoff, or approved equivalent,
and shall insure that electrical wiring is installed in a
completely operable condition and is ready for testing as
required under this section.
8. The system extinguisher pressure indicator shall be placed
on the same floor area as the hood to be protected, and at
a height that is visible and readable at all times. This
indicator shall show when the system has been actuated.
9. Each automatic fire-extinguisher system shall have a
remote manual release cable pull, with a lead seal and seal
wire which is broken whenever the pull is used. Pull shall
be installed at a height convenient for manual operation
(recommended height 5'). It shall be located near the hood
area, away from the hazard, either adjacent to or in the
pathway of exit. Tripping action of pull shall be by
mechanical means. Pull shall be clearly defined by means
of a wall sign located directly above it.
10. All fire detector devices and extinguisher nozzles located
for protection of the cooking surface shall be placed on the
cooking side of the grease filters. Each fat fryer shall have
an individual detector located and centered directly above
it. All plenum and duct detectors shall be located as
required by manufacturer's drawings.
11. The automatic system shall have not less than a minimum
weight of 20 pounds and the portable fire extinguisher shall
not be less than 5 pounds.
1Z. Upon completion of the installation of an automatic fire
extinguishing system or an addition thereto, the certified
firm shall, before the system is placed in use, perform an
operating test in conformance with the requirements of the
Building Official.
(c) Fire Dampers. Fire dampers shall not be installed in duct
systems unless they are listed for such use or are part of a listed
grease extractor, fire-extinguishing system, or an approved fan
bypass.
(d) Tempered Air. Kitchens with exhaust systems in excess of
Z500 CFM shall be provided with tempered makeup air.
For this purpose, tempered air means a temperature of not less
than 600F. at the discharge diffuser in the room.
EXCEPTION: Kitchen ventilation systems which furnish
their own makeup air independent of the air furnished to
the kitchen or other areas of the building are excluded.
TABLE NO.20-A—MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
LOWEST EDGE OF A GREASE FILTER AND THE
COOKING SURFACE OR THE HEATING SURFACE
DUCT SYSTEM AND
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PART V
CHAPTER 25
INSULATION -MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS
INSULATION DEFINITIONS
Sec. 2500. Certain words and terms used in this section shall
mean as follows:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K-FACTOR) - The time rate of
heat flow through one square foot of a homogeneous material one
inch thick; when there is a temperature difference of one degree
F. between the opposite faces of the material expressed in
Btu/hr.,per square foot,per degree F.,per inch.
THERMAL CONDUCTANCE (C-FACTOR) - The time rate of
heat flow through a homogeneous material of other than one inch
thickness; or through a non-homogeneous construction such as an
air space, expressed in Btu/hr., per square foot, per degree F.
temperature difference.
K = C-Factor for a specific
Inches of nominal thickness thickness
THERMAL RESISTANCE (R) - The measure of the resistance
of a material or building component to the passage of heat. The
resistance value (R) of mass-type insulations shall not include
any value for reflective facing. The "R" factor is the reciprocal
of the conductance "C" or the "U" factor.
R =C
U FACTOR - The total heat flow through a given construction
assembly; air to air, expressed in Btu/hr., per square foot, per
degree F. temperature difference.
PERM RATING -The water vapor permeance of a sheet of any
thickness (or assembly between parallel surfaces) is the ratio of
water vapor flow to the vapor pressure difference between the
surfaces, measured in perms.
DUCT INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 2501. (a) Duct Insulation. Every supply or return air
metal duct and/or plenum system of a heating and/or cooling
system shall be insulated with not less than the amount of
insulation set forth in Table No. 25-D.
EXCEPTION: Duct and plenum systems used exclusively
for evaporative cooling systems.
I. All insulation, ducts, tapes and adhesive material shall have
a mold, humidity and erosion resistant face, where appli-
cable, meeting the requirements of U.M.C. Standard No.
10-1. All such materials shall have a flame-spread rating
of not greater than 25 and a smoke developed rating of not
greater than 50. They shall be so labeled or identified with
printing, acceptable to the Building Official, on the facing
of the fiber glass insulation products and on the product or
container of accessory items.
TABLE 25-D
MINIMUM INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PLENUM SPACES AND
METAL AIR CONDITIONING DUCT SYSTEMS
Insulation
Mfgr. Minimum
DUCT LOCATION Nominal R Value
1. Conditioned air supply duct and
return duct systems exposed to
weather and in attic spaces. 7
2. Conditioned air supply duct and
return duct systems located in
mechanical equipment rooms,
furnace enclosures, shaft en-
closures, or such other spaces
connecting with unconditioned
ambient air. 6
Conditioned air supply duct systems
in exterior walls, and ventilated
crawl spaces.
3. Conditioned air supply duct systems
in unventilated roof/ceiling, other
than attics, floor/ceiling spaces and
interior walls. 5
Return air duct systems in exterior
wall spaces.
4. Conditioned air supply duct systems
located in concealed conditioned
spaces. 4
Return air duct systems in crawl
spaces.
5. Conditioned air supply duct systems
located in nonconcealed conditioned
spaces and return air duct systems in
conditioned spaces. None Required
(b) Insulation Values. For the purposes of Table Z5-D, the
following insulation materials shall be manufactured as having R
values as shown in Table 25-F.
TABLE 25-F
INSULATION R VALUES
Manufacturers Nominal R Values
Insulation 7 6 5 4
Materials Nominal Thickness in Inches
Duct Wrap-Faced Fiberglass 2" Z" 1%11 W,
Duct Liner-Glass Fiber 2" Z" 1%11 1"
Duct Systems-Glass Fiber* 1%11 1%11 1" 1"
Duct Rigid Board-Faced
Glass Fiber, 3# thru 6# density 1%11 1%" 1" 1"
Rubber based or plastic
based close cell material 1!" 13a" 1!s" 1"
*NOTE: See Section 100Z.(b)(1) for fiber glass duct system
requirements.
(c) Duct Wrap-Faced Fiber Glass Insulation. Installation of
duct wrap-faced fiber glass products shall conform with the
following:
1. All duct wrap-faced fiberglass type insulation applied
externally to a duct system, which is located in or on a building
and provides air supply for heating and/or cooling, shall be faced
with a permanent vapor barrier composed of a foil scrim kraft
material having a maximum perm rating of 0.05.
2. Insulation on rectangular ducts over 24" wide shall be
provided with suitable mechanical fasteners at no more than 18"
O.C., to secure insulation on the bottom of the duct.
3. All duct wrap on round duct shall not be more than %" less
than labeled thickness after application. The same insulation
thickness applies to rectangular duct except on the corners, in
which area 3/4" thickness is acceptable.
4. Insulation on Conditioned Air duct systems shall be
provided with a vapor barrier. The facing shall have a minimum
2" tab on the longitudinal and circumferential joints for lapping
and stapling. Facing tabs shall be sealed with adhesive and
stapled on not over 3" centers. All punctures and tears in the
vapor barrier facing shall be sealed with an approved adhesive
and covered with facing material.
5. Insulation of the duct systems which are exposed to
weather shall be vapor sealed and additionally weather proofed
as follows. Apply a coat of weatherproof mastic and embed into
the wet tack coat a layer of open weave glass cloth. Smooth
membrane to avoid wrinkles and overlap all seams at least 2".
Apply a finish coat of the mastic to a minimum thickness of 1/8".
6. Duct wrap shall be interrupted at fire or smoke dampers.
Also shall be interrupted at heat sources in a duct system
involving electric resistance or fuel-burning heaters.
External duct coverings shall not extend through those walls,
floors or roofs required by the Building Code to have a fire
resistance rating. The insulation shall be sealed to the wall,
floor or roof to form a vaper proof connection.
...
(d) Duct Liner. All duct finer shall be coated on the air flow
side with a fire-resistant coating tightly bonding the surface
fibers.
Duct lining, when used as insulation, shall be continuous in all
portions of the duct except at fire or smoke dampers and at
heating appliances.
Application of liner to duct shall be by means of 100%
coverage with adhesive and the use of mechanical fasteners in
accordance with SMACNA Standard. All leading edges and
transverse joints shall be coated with adhesive.
Adhesives shall conform to Adhesive and Sealant Council
Standards ASC-A-7001A--1971 and Fasteners to Mechanical Stan-
dard N.F.-1-1971 and shall be so approved by an independent
testing laboratory.
PIPING INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 2502.(a) Pipe in Buildings. All piping requiring insulation
installed to serve buildings and within buildings shall be thermal-
ly insulated in accordance with Table 25-G and this Section.
Pipe insulation or jackets used on steam or hot-water pipes
shall be of noncombustible materials. Composite of insulation or
jackets and lap-seal adhesives shall have a flame spread of not
greater than Z5 and a smoke developed rating of not greater than
50. (See Table 5-A, Footnote No. 11.)
EXCEPTION: Piping underground or outside the struc-
ture need not meet the 25/50 flame and smoke require-
ment.
TABLE 25-G
MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION REQUIREMENTS
Fluid Insulation Thickness in Inches
Temper- for Pipe Sizes
Piping System ature Runouts 1" and 8" and
Types Range, Up to 2" Less 1'/a-2 2%-4 5 & 6 Larger
F **
Heating Systems
Steam & Hot Water
High Pressure/Temp. 306-450 1% 1% 2 2% 3% 3h
Medium Pressure/Tp. 251-305 1% 1% 2 Z% 3 3
Low Prsssure/Temp. 201-250 1 1 1% 1% 2 2
Low Temperature 120-200 % 1 1 1 1 1%
Steam Condensate Any 1 1 1 1% 1% 2
(for Feed Water)
Cooling Systems
Chilled Water, 40-65 % % 3/4 1 1 1
Refrigerant, or
Brine Below 40 1 1 1% 1% 1% 1%
* See (b) and (c)
** Runouts to Individual Terminal Units (not exceeding 12' in length)
NOTE: Piping insulation is not required in any of the following cases:
1.i ..•
1. Piping installed within HVAC equipment.
2. Piping at temperatures between 650F. and 1200F.
3. Piping installed under slabs, in basements, cellars or
unventilated crawl spaces with insulated walls in one
and two family dwellings.
(b) Other Pipe Insulation Thicknesses. Insulation thicknesses
in Table 25-G are based on insulation having thermal resistances
in the range of 4.0 to 4.6 per inch of thickness on a flat surface
at a mean temperature of 750F. Minimum insulation thickness
shall be increased for materials having R values less than 4.0 or
may be reduced for materials having R values greater than 4.6
per inch of thickness.
1. For materials with thermal resistance greater than R =4.6,
the minimum insulation thickness may be reduced as follows:
4.6 x Table 25-G Thickness=New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
Z. For materials with thermal resistance less than R=4.0, the
minimum insulation thickness shall be increased as follows:
4.0 x Table 25-G Thickness=New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
(c) Vapor Barrier. Chilled water, refrigerant, and brine lines
shall be insulated with a material which will have a vapor barrier
jacket, to eliminate condensation in a ambient air temperature
of 900F.,80%relative humidity in zero air velocity.
1. Except as otherwise noted, underground piping conveying a
vapor or fluid which will be used to provide heating or cooling
shall be insulated, vapor sealed and waterproofed.
2. Insulation for underground piping 3/4" through W IPS and
larger shall have a thickness of N".
3. Underground pipe insulation shall be coated with an
approved fiberous mastic coating, at a rate of 1 gallon per 50
square feet of outer insulation surface. Apply with spray, glove
or brush. After four hours, apply a second coat at the same rate
and embed a layer of glass fabric into the mastic. After 3-4
hours, a final coating of mastic shall be applied at the same rate
to completely cover the glass fabric.
(d) Condensate Drainpipes. Condensate drain lines shall be
insulated with a minimum of 3/8 inch thickness of foamed
plastic, rubber based foam or other approved insulation which
shall be installed on piping material without longitudinal cuts.
Circular joints shall be sealed with an approved adhesive.
(e) Humidifier Water Lines. Humidifier water supply pipe
installed in spaces exposed to outside air temperature shall be
insulated with a minimum of 3/8 inch thickness of foamed
plastic, rubber based form, or other approved insulation. All
joints shall be sealed.
ATTIC OR ROOF INSULATION
Sec. 2503. Attic space or roof shall be insulated with a
minimum of the equivalent of three and one half (3%) inches of
mineral wool having a conductivity of not more than 0.32. Three
and one half (33f) inches of fiberglass or rock wool bats will meet
this requirement.
,%We .".-
CHAPTER 26
FIRE ASSEMBLIES
GENERAL
Sec. 2600. Fire, Smoke and Ceiling Dampers shall comply with
the requirements of this chapter, u.B.C. Standard No. 43-7
(reprinted in this Code) and the Building Code, Volume I, for the
location, construction and installation of dampers used for the
protection of rated partitions, walls, floors, ceilings and floor-
ceiling or roof-ceiling assemblies when required to be hourly
rated by the Building Code, Volume I. The damper location shall
be shown on the plans when submitted for approval as required by
this code.
LOCATION
Sec. 2601.(a) One Hour Assemblies. One (1) hour or less rated
fire-resistive assemblies penetrated by ducts shall be protected
by one (1) hour or greater fire-resistive rated fire, smoke or
ceiling dampers.
(b) Two Hour Assemblies. Two (2) hour rated fire-resistive
assemblies penetrated by ducts shall be protected by one and
one-half hour (1%) rated fire-resistive fire, smoke or ceiling
dampers.
(c) Three and four hour assemblies. Three (3) and four (4) hour
rated fire-resistive assemblies penetrated by ducts shall be
protected by three (3) hour rated fire, smoke or ceiling dampers,
except four (4) hour area and occupancy separation walls shall
not be penetrated.
(d) Damper Location. Fire and smoke dampers shall be
located and centered within the structural confines of a fire-
resistive rated floor, roof or wall. Operators for smoke dampers
are not required to be located within the confines of a fire-
resistive floor, roof or wall.
(e) Damper Identification. Identification of Fire Assemblies.
All fire assemblies having fire protection ratings shall bear a
label or other identification showing the rating thereof. Such
label shall be issued by an approved listing agency and shall be
permanently affixed. The label shall be applied at the factory
where fabrication and assembly are done. Inspection shall be
made by an approved inspection agency during fabrication and
assembly. See UBC Standard No. 43, Section 43.714 for labeling
of fire assemblies.
(f) Access and Inspection Doors. All fire assemblies shall be
installed with an access door. Access doors shall be sized and
installed in such a manner as to provide ready access to the
damper for examination, maintenance or replacement of the
fusible link and the catch for fire or ceiling dampers, also to the
motor and operating mechanisms of smoke dampers. Ready
access means without the removal of ducts, hangers, piping,
conduit, etc., or the use of tools for the removal of duct access
door(See Sec.420 for definition of readily accessible).
EQUIPMENT ROOMS AND MACHINERY ROOMS
Sec. 2602.(a) Rooms Housing Boilers or Central Heating
Plants. In accordance with Sec. 608 and 1312 of the Building
Code, Volume I, ducts piercing rooms housing boilers or central
heating plants where the largest piece of fuel-fired equipment
exceeds 400,000 Btu/h input, shall be protected by dampers
having a fire or smoke resistive rating of one (1) hour or greater,
for interior separation walls and three-quarter (3/4) hour
protection for exterior openings when located below openings in
another story or if less than ten (10) feet from other doors and
windows of the same building.
(b) Machinery Rooms. yuct piercing the one (1) hour fire-,foe
resistive interior construction of machinery room: s1-11 have all
openings protected with fire assemblies having a once {;, ❑our fire
protection rating (Sec. 1507).
CORRIDOR PROTECTION
Sec. 2603. Ducts penetrating fire-rated corridor walls or
ceilings having openings into the corridor, serving as an exit for
30 or more people and required to be of fire-resistive or
noncombustible construction by Sec. 3304.(g) of the Building
Code, Volume I, shall be protected by dampers having a fire-
resistive rating of one (1) hour or greater.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. One-story buildings Group B, Division
4 Occupancies.
2. Corridors more than 30 feet in width when occupan-
cies served by such corridors have at least one independent
exit from the corridor.
3. Ducts continuing across the corridor, but the opening
in the wall for the duct must be fire stopped on all sides.
SHAFT ENCLOSURE
Sec. 2604. Ducts piercing walls of shaft enclosures described
in Sec. 1706.(b) Exception 2, of the Building Code, Volume I, shall
be protected by fire or smoke dampers having a resistive -sting
of one (1) hour for opening through one (1) hour walls and cne and
one-half (1%) hours for opening through two (2) hour walls.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. For Subducts - Where direction of air
flow is upward, Subducts at least 22 inches in length may be
carried up inside the shaft enclosure from each inlet, in
lieu of dampers. Subducts shall be constructed of the
material required for ducts in Chapter 10 of the Mechani-
cal Code.
2. In other than group "I" Occupancies, an enclosure will
not be required for openings which serve only one adjacent
floor and are not connected with openings serving other
floors and which are not concealed within the building
construction, but if the duct is concealed it must be rated
structure and the opening must be protected.
3. In one and two story buildings of other than Group "I"
Occupancies, shafts or ducts which extend through not
more than two floors need not be rated and openings from
the shafts need not be protected.
AREA AND OCCUPANCY SEPARATION
Sec. 2605. In ducts piercing area or occupancy separation
walls, as described in Sec. 503.(b), (c) and (d) including
EXCEPTIONS, of the Building Code, Volume I, having one (1)
hour fire resistance shall be protected by a one (1) hour damper
and two (2) hour fire-resistive separations shall be protected by
one and one-half (1%) hours fire-resistive rated fire or smoke
dampers. Three (3) hour separations shall be protected by three
(3) hour fire-resistive rated fire or smoke dampers. Four (4) hour
fire-resistive separations shall not be penetrated.
PROPERTY LINE LOCATION
Sec. 2606. _Wall and Opening Protection of Occupancies Based
On Location On Property. Exterior openings shall conform to
Sec. 504.(b), 1803, 1903, 2003, and 2103.
Tables 5-A and 17-A of the Building Code, Volume I, requires
walls having a fire resistance rating rating of one (1) and two (2)
hours and permitted to be pierced by ducts shall be protected by
means of a fire or smoke damper having a three-fourth (3/4) hour
fire-resistive rating.
'IV .lee
Occupancies requiring four (4) hour fire resistance rated
exterior walls shall have a permitted opening protected by a fire
or smoke damper having a three (3) hour fire-resistive rating
(Table 5-A of the Building Code).
HORIZONTAL EXIT AND EXIT ENCLOSURES INCLUDING
STAIRWAY AND RAMP ENCLOSURES
Sec. 2607. Ducts piercing horizontal exit walls as described in
Sec. 3307(b) of the Building Code, Volume I, shall be protected by
fire or smoke dampers having a fire-resistive rating of one and
one-half Q%) hours and shall be maintained self or automatic
closing as provided in Sec. 4306.(b) and (e). There shall be no
openings into an exit enclosure such as interior stairway, ramp or
escalator, except doorways and openings in exterior wall as
described in Sec. 3308.(c) of the Building Code.
BACK STAGE DUCTS AND SUPPLY OUTLETS
Sec. 2608. Sec. 605 and 3904 of the Building Code, Volume I,
require all air supply outlets behind proscenium to be equipped
with fire dampers. Ducts supplying air back stage through the
proscenium shall be equipped with fire or smoke dampers. Such
dampers shall be located in the supply ducts where they pass
through the proscenium walls. Dampers shall be controlled by
fusible links or electronic detectors located on both sides of the
proscenium wall, also both inside and outside of the delivering
duct. All dampers shall be one and one-half (1%) hours fire-
resistive and when closed shall automatically lock in this position
and become inoperative.
CEILING PENETRATIONS
Sec. 2609.(a) Ceiling Protection. Ceilings forming continuous
fire-resistive membranes for structural member protection may
have unprotected openings for plumbing piping, electrical con-
duit, outlet boxes, metal light fixtures, and air conditioning
supply and return outlets, provided the areas of all such openings
through the ceiling, aggregate not over 100 square inches per 100
square feet of ceiling area, Building Code, Volume I, Sec.
4303.(b) (6).
(b) Secondary Ceiling Dampers. When such air conditioning
duct openings in a ceiling exceed the above size requirements
through such ceilings, it shall be protected by approved second-
ary ceiling dampers or by enclosing the top of the supply duct
above the outlet after the duct is insulated. The enclosing
material shall be one and one-quarter (1%) inch thick mineral
wool blanket, 3# to 5# per cubic foot density, with a flame
spread rating of 50 or less. This material shall enclose the duct
from the ceiling up the sides and across the top of the duct
extending three (3) inches wider than the duct on both sides and
shall extend from the center of the diffuser three (3) feet in each
direction or to the end of the duct. This material shall be held in
place by screen wire.
As an alternate to the mineral wool blanket, the duct may be
lined with one (1) inch fiberglass duct liner having the same
density and fire hazard rating with the external surface of the
duct covered with five-eight (5/8) inch mineral fiber ceiling
panels. All insulation shall extend for a distance of six (6) feet
of duct from the center of the outlet or to the end of the duct.
(c) Floor-Ceiling Assembly. Sec.4306.(i) of the Building Code
requires that ducts penetrating the ceiling of a fire-resistive
floor-ceiling assembly shall be protected with fire or smoke
dampers having a fire-resistive rating of one and one-half (1%)
hours. Supply and return air outlets in such ceilings shall be
protected by secondary dampers.
FLOOR PROTECTION
Sec. Z610. Sec. 4305.(a) of the Building Code, Volume I,
requires fire-resistive floors in one or two-story buildings to be
continuous and all openings in floors to be protected as Specified
in Sec. 1706.(a). When the occupancy is other than "I" and does
not extend through more than two floors, the shaft enclosure
may be omitted and properly rated fire-dampers substituted in
the fire-resistive rated floor.
ROOF PROTECTION
Sec. 2611. Sec. 4305.(c) of the Building Code, Volume I,
permits fire-resistive roofs to have the same openings as allowed
for floors. Therefore, such roofs may be protected by the
appropriate fire dampers.
INSTALLATION
Sec. 2612. Fire dampers shall be so installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions as to stay in place at the
protected opening, in the event the duct is disrupted during a
fire. The manufacturer's damper installation instructions shall
require the use of collars with perimeter mounting angles
attached to the collar on both sides of the opening. The
minimum gage (Manufacturer's Standard Gage or Galvanized
Sheet Gage) of the collar shall be No. 16 gage for dampers with
dimensions not exceeding 24 inches in height or 36 inches in
width and No. 14 gage for larger sizes. The connecting ducts
shall terminate in the collars in conformance with "FIRE
DAMPER GUIDE FOR AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS" published by
SMACNA (which can be obtained from their Dallas Office).
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Collars in gages less than required
above may be used provided S-Type slip joints are used as
the connection means between collar and ducts and
provided the collar gage.is not less than that required for
galvanized steel ducts in the Building Code, Volume II,
Mechanical. Acceptable connections are S, double S, bar,
angle and pocket lock slips.
Z. Fire dampers with frames of sufficient width to
permit direct attachment of perimeter mounting angles on
each side of a wall opening need not employ collars
provided the gage of the damper frame complies with the
requirements for collars.
IILE l iERCHILL
City of Fort Worth, Texas
UNE
BAILIFF Mayor and Council Communication
QRAHAM
PAIGE SATE NUMBER
SUBJECT: Adoption of 1976 Uniform PAGE
MBER
PROSECUTI 4r,RJINW47 G-3583 Mechanical Code 1 or 7
On October 21, 1974 (M&C G-2534) , the City Council adopted Ordinance
No. 7083 amending the Fort Worth Mechanical Code (Ordinance No. 6408) to
include the provisions of the 1973 Uniform Mechanical Code and various
amendments to relate the Code more appropriately to local conditions.
The Uniform Mechanical Code is published by the International Conference
of Building Officials and the International Associations of Plumbing. and
Mechanical Officials and is revised and updated every three years.
The Mechanical Board of Appeals and the City staff have reviewed the 1976
Uniform Mechanical Code to determine what changes it contains from the
present requirements. For the most part, the changes are in wording only,
to clarify the intent of the Code.
The Board has recommended that amendments be approved to provide the
following:
(1) Incorporation in the Code the existing Fort Worth Mechanical
Licensing requirements.
(2) Addition of exemptions allowing continued use of unvented
space heating in existing dwellings.
(3) Permits the use of equipment designed for residential cooking
without the requirement of a hood and automatic fire extinguishing
system in selected occupancies classified as commercial (some
churches, for example) .
(4) Inclusion of an amendment to pewit the installation of certain
materials with specified Fire retardant characteristics in
attic space or in the space between the ceiling and floor in
multiple-story construction when used for circulating air, as
approved by the Council on June 16, 1977 (Ordinance No. 7563
M&C G-3461) , and
(5) Addition of the following fees:
Solar Energy System $30.00
Thermal Heat Recovery Devices 30.00
The proposed code will not effect residential and commercial construction
costs. The code will permit the Mechanical Board of Appeals to grant
exception that the present code does not allow. Other sections have been
rewritten by the model code organization and this writing has made these
sections more understandable.
DATE REFENUMRENCE SUBJECT: Adoption of 1976 Uniform PAGE
9/27/77 G-3583 Mechanical Code 2 Of
2
A public hearing on the proposed code was held on August 11, 1977. The
hearing was advertised in the newspaper, and copies of the ordinance were
sent to local organizations with an interest in the Mechanical Code.
Recommendation
It is recommended that the 1976 Uniform Mechanical Code with amendments,
as described above, be adopted as the Mechanical Code of the City of
Fort Worth, to take effect 60 days after the approval of the ordinance.
GG:sm
SUBMITTED BY' DISPOSITION BY COUNCIL: PR ESSED BVF
�PPR0VED p OTHER (DESCRIBE)AL�
Z� ADOPTED ORDkj--,,'%LE NO. 7 G 3 C SECRETARY
DATE
CITY MANAGER ✓ ���